The purpose of this study was to measure the surface tension of hard water through electro-magnetic field for investigating the effect of electro-magnetic water treatment. The maximum reduction of surface tension was 8% comparing to the no treatment c...
The purpose of this study was to measure the surface tension of hard water through electro-magnetic field for investigating the effect of electro-magnetic water treatment. The maximum reduction of surface tension was 8% comparing to the no treatment case. When the flow velocity through the permanent magnetic device (PMD) was 6.3 m/s, sample of hard water had the minimum surface tension.