The purpose of this research was to present a teaching method for basic sentence patterns in the Korean language based on the Focus on Form approach. To prepare for this endeavor, suitable basic sentence patterns in Korean language education were esta...
The purpose of this research was to present a teaching method for basic sentence patterns in the Korean language based on the Focus on Form approach. To prepare for this endeavor, suitable basic sentence patterns in Korean language education were established, and the aspects and conditions of the usage of basic sentence patterns of learners were analyzed. Also, in order to examine the problems in the curriculum, the ways in which the basic sentence patterns were proposed in Korean language teaching materials were analyzed, and through this process, it was shown that the instruction of predicate centered sentence patterns using predicate categories is effective. Lastly, the various techniques of the Focus on Form approach were used to propose a teaching method for basic sentence patterns.
In Chapter I, the necessity of researching sentence patterns is discussed, bringing to light the fact that education of sentence patterns has not received much attention in the teaching of Korean regardless of the fact that sentence patterns are very important grammatical contents. Also, the fact that sentence patterns have not been actively utilized in teaching grammar is brought to attention. In addition, the objective and methods of this research are stated, and preceding research is examined to state the necessity of establishing basic sentence patterns for Korean language education usage and researching specific sentence pattern teaching methods.
In Chapter2, the Focus on Form approach, a teaching method of grammar which combines the form and significance of grammar with its function, was closely examined. The various techniques proposed by the Focus on Form approach were introduced in order to develop concrete ways in which basic sentence pattern instruction could be applied.
In Chapter 3, predicated centered basic sentence patterns were established as suitable basic sentence patterns for Korean language instruction. It was shown that for the use of Korean language instruction, basic sentence patterns centered around predicates were more suitable than element centered ones. Essential elements and post-positions of formality were set as fixed standards, and the first criterion for classification was decided as predicate parts of speech. First, sentence patterns were divided into predicate centered “is, is not”, “adjective”, “verb” and then again into 6 adjective sentence patterns, 7 intransitive verb sentence patterns, 6 transitive verb sentence patterns, establishing a total of 21 basic sentence patterns. In order to utilize basic sentence patterns for Korean language instruction, the predicates of each sentence pattern were separated into lower position categories based on the roles of their meanings.
In Chapter 4, the problems that arise when learners apply basic sentence patterns were studied. As the writing material to be used by the Korean language learners, the basic sentence patterns established in Chapter 3 were extracted to analyze the conditions in which they were used, and the mistakes that arise upon usage. The results of the analysis found that learners’ usage of basic sentence patterns and predicates were limited, and that the mistakes in basic sentence pattern usage was a high 17%. In particular, it was seen from the fact that the rates of mistakes made by English speaking Korean learners (24%) and Chinese speaking Korean learners (19.6%) were high, that instruction of basic sentence patterns is necessary. Although there was a trend such that higher numbers of arguments had higher rates of mistakes, double subject sentences and adjective sentences had high rates of errors regardless of the number of arguments. In addition, although rates of mistakes in post-positions of formality were high, errors in structure and component comprised a large portion. This problem is meaningful in that it signifies that an education focused on formal post-positions cannot replace an education of basic sentence patterns. Also, a concrete aspect of learners’ sentence pattern usage was analyzed by examining each type of sentence pattern for specific error patterns that occurred around different predicates.
In Chapter 5, problems in Korean language instruction were analyzed through the analysis of Korean language textbooks written for university educational institutions in order to examine the causes in errors made in basic sentence patterns. Instruction of sentence patterns is not being positively proposed in textbooks, and it was seen that the establishment of the existing component centered sentence patterns is the primary reason that it is difficult to concretely propose basic sentence patterns as grammar item. Through such examinations of problems, it has been found that instruction of Korean language sentence patterns should be proposed such that they focus on the patterns centered by predicates and it should be offered in terms of categories of predicates.
In Chapter 6, a predicated centered sentence pattern teaching method was proposed, basing it on the Focus on Form approach. A teaching method for sentence patterns was proposed by utilizing a task based language teaching of sentence structures, strong in grammaticality, to present categories of predicates. Also, the various techniques of the Focus on Form approach were applied to basic sentence patterns so that they could be utilized in the structure of class time, which would include components such as the most frequently used “Np이 Np을 V” sentence pattern, and the “Np이 Np이 A” sentence pattern in which learners have the highest rate of mistakes.
This research is significant in that it highlights Korean basic sentence patterns from the perspective of Korean language instruction, establishing a basic sentence pattern to be used for the purposes of Korean language teaching. It is also significant because the conditions in which Korean language learners use basic sentence patterns was analyzed using the established basic sentence pattern as the background. If it can be said that previous analyses of errors focused on the forms of post-positions of formality, in this dissertation paper, the focus has been shifted to the units of sentence patterns, by analyzing the usage and errors of basic sentence patterns focusing on predicates. This research is significant because concrete teaching methods of various basic sentence patterns based on the Focus on Form approach that break away from the repetitive method of practicing sentence patterns were proposed.