중소기업에서의 학습지향성, 학습행동, 조직환경 및 학습성과의 인과관계 = The Causal Relationship among Learning Orientation, Learning behaviors, Organizational Environment and Learning Outcomes in Small and Medium Enterprises

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 100PPM 인증 중소기업에서의 학습지향성, 학습행동, 조직환경 및 학습성과의 인과관계를 구명하는 데 있다. 연구목적의 달성을 위한 변인측정은 학습지향성, 학습행동, 조직환경, 학습성과 및 개인의 일반특성으로 구성된 질문지를 사용하였다. 연구참여에 동의한 143개 기업 중 종사자 5명 이상이 응답한 83개 기업의 자료가 분석에 활용되었다.
분석 결과, 중소기업의 조직 학습지향성은 조직구조와 환경불확실성에 의해 많은 영향을 받으며, 조직 학습지향성은 학습성과에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 조직수준 학습행동은 조직 학습지향성이 학습성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 부분매개 역할을 하였다. 조직 학습지향성은 집단 및 조직수준 학습행동에는 직접적인 영향을 미쳤으나, 개인수준 학습행동에는 개인 학습지향성을 매개로 한 간접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 개인수준 학습행동은 집단수준 학습행동을 매개로 조직수준 학습행동에 영향을 미쳤다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to identify the causal relationship among learning orientation, learning behaviors, organizational environment, and learning outcomes in 100PPM small and medium enterprise. A survey questionnaire was conducted to measure the variables of thlis study. The data from 83 firms out of 143 firms which agreed to research participation were analyzed for the research model.
The results from this study was as follows. First, organizational learning orientation was influenced by organizational structure and environment uncertainty of SMEs. Second, organizational learning orientation has direct impact on overall learning outcomes in SMEs and organization-level learning behaviors had the mediation effect. Third, organizational learning orientation m SMEs has direct effect on group and organization-level learning behaviors and has indirect effect on individual-level learning behaviors with the mediation effect of individual learning orientation. Fourth, The group-level learning behaviors fully medicated the link between individual-level and organizational-level learning behaviors.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 중소기업협동조합중앙회, "중소기업현황"

2 최우정, "조직환경의 불확실성과 자원의 희귀성이 조직구조와 성과에 미치는 영향" 성균관대학교 대학원 1999

3 박영배, "조직의 학습지향성이 조직성과에 미치는 영향과 상황요인의 조절효과에 관한 연구" 한국인사관리학회 27 (27): 83-109, 2003

4 Bliese, P., "Within-group Agreement, Non-independence, and Reliability: Implications for Data Aggregation and Analysis, Multilevel Theory Research and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extension, and New Directions" Jossey-Bass 2000

5 Holman,D., "Understanding Learning Strategies in the Workplace: A Factor Analytic Investigation" 74 (74): 675-681, 2001

6 Nooteboom, B., "Towards a Cognitive Theory of the Firm: Issues and Logic of Change" University of Groningen-SOM Research Institute 1996

7 Baker, W., "The Synergistic Effect of Market Orientation and Learning Orientation on Organizational Performance" 27 (27): 411-427, 1999

8 Hinkin, T. R., "The Relevance of Charisma for Transformational Leadership in Stable Organizations" 12 (12): 105-119, 1999

9 Lam, Y. L. J., "The Relative Effects of Environmental, Internal and Contextual Factors on Organizational Learning: The Case of Hong Kong Schools under Reforms" 10 (10): 83-97, 2003

10 Scase,R., "The Real World of the Small Business Owner" Croom Helm 1987

11 Joreskog, K. G., "The ML and PLS Techniques for Modelling with Latent Variables, Systems under Indirect Observations, Vol.1" North-Holland 1982

12 Edmondson, A. C., "The Local and Variegated Nature of Learning in Organizations: A Group-level Perspective" 39 (39): 128-146, 2002

13 Garavan, T., "The Learning Organization: A Review and Evaluation" 4 (4): 18-29, 1997

14 Hoeksema, L. H., "The Interplay between Learning Strategy and Organizational Structure in Predicting Career Success" 8 (8): 307-327, 1997

15 Friedman, V. J., "The Individual as Agent of Organizational Learning”, in Dierkes, M. et al.(eds.), Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge" Oxford University Press 398-414, 2001

16 Cohen, J., "Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences(2nd ed.)" Lawrence Erlbaum 1988

17 Chin, W. W., "Partial Least Squares is To LISREL as Principal Components Analysis is to Common Factor Analysis" 2 (2): 315-319, 1995

18 Argyris, C, "Organizational Learning, Reading" Addison- Wesley 1981

19 Khandekar, A., "Organizational Learning and Performance: Understanding Indian Scenario in Present Global Context" 48 (48): 682-692, 2006

20 Chaston, I., "Organisational Learning Style and Competences: A Comparative Investigation of Relationship and Transactionally Oriented Small UK Manufacturing Frms" 34 (34): 625-640, 1999

21 O utveren, O., "Orenen Orgutlerde Surekli yiletirme Modeli: letme Eitimi Uzerine Bir Uygulama" Erciyes Universitesi Sekizinci Ulusal Yonetim Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler 2000

22 Berings, M., "Measuring On-the-job Learning Styles" 3 (3): 3-12, 2005

23 Jaworski, B., "Market Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences" 57 (57): 53-70, 1993

24 Keskin, H., "Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Innovation Capabilities in SMEs: An Extended Model" 9 (9): 396-417, 2006

25 Bontis, N., "Managing an Organizational Learning System by Aligning Stocks and Flow" 39 (39): 437-469, 2002

26 Westhead, P., "Management Training and Small Firm Performance: Why is the Link So Weak?" 14 (14): 13-24, 1996

27 Sujan, H., "Learning Orientation, Working Smart, and Effective Selling" 58 (58): 39-52, 1994

28 Calantone, R. J., "Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance" 31 (31): 515-524, 2002

29 Mavondo, F. T., "Learning Orientation and Market Orientation: Relationship with Innovation, Human Resource Practices and Performance" 39 (39): 1235-1263, 2005

30 Wong, S. S., "Investigating Collective Learning in Teams: The Context in Which It Occurs and the Collective Knowledge That Emerges from It" Duke University 2002

31 Aksu, A. A., "Individual Learning and Organizational Culture in Learning Organizations: Five Star Hotels in Antalya Region of Turkey" 20 (20): 421-441, 2005

32 Tippins, M. J., "IT Competency and Firm Performance: Is Organizational Learning a Missing Link?" 24 (24): 745-761, 2003

33 Hill, R., "Human Resource Development in Small Organizations" 24 (24): 105-117, 2000

34 Ormrod, J., "Human Learning(2nd ed.)" Prentice-Hall Inc 1995

35 Edmondson, A. C., "Group and Organizational Influences on Team Learning" Harvard University 1996

36 Button, S. B., "Goal Orientation in Organizational Research: A Conceptual and Empirical Foundation" 67 (67): 26-48, 1996

37 Sambrook, S., "Factors Influencing Learning in European Learning Oriented Organization: Issues for Management" 24 (24): 209-219, 2000

38 Porter, G., "Expatriate Success may Depend on a Learning Orientation: Considerations for Selection and Training" 38 (38): 47-60, 1999

39 Harrison, R., "Employee Development" Institute of Personnel Management 1993

40 Templeton, G., "Development of a Measure for the Organizational Learning Construct" 19 (19): 175-218, 2002

41 VandeWalle, D., "Development and Validation of Work Domain Goal Orientation Instrument" 57 (57): 995-1015, 1997

42 Moore, D. T., "Curriculum at Work: An Educational Perspective on the Workplace as a Learning Environment" 16 (16): 325-341, 2004

43 Van Woerkom, M., "Critical Reflection at Work: Bridging Individual and Organizational Learning" University of Twente 2003

44 Howell, J. M., "Champions of Technological Innovations" 35 (35): 317-341, 1990

45 Kelliher, F., "A Learning Framework for the Small Business Environment" 30 (30): 512-528, 2006

46 Sinkula, J. M., "A Framework for Market-based Organizational Learning: Linking Values, Knowledge and Behavior" 25 (25): 305-318, 1997