In-depth Literature Study of International Economic Growth Factors through Smart logistics, Customs and Trade

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study provides a comprehensive literature-based analysis of the primary factors that shape economic expansion through customs and trade mechanisms, with a historical lens and empirical case assessments. The global trade volume has more than tripled between 2000 and 2020, reaching approximately $19 trillion by 2022, underscoring the increasing interdependence among nations. Key events such as the U.S.-China trade war, Brexit, and the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted structural vulnerabilities and prompted a reevaluation of the global trade order. Tariffs remain a pivotal economic instrument, directly affecting price competitiveness and access to markets. The study also reviews tariff policy shifts in emerging economies, where a 10% average reduction in import tariffs corresponded with a 7–10% rise in export volume within five years. The research concludes that while globalization has driven economic integration, emerging protectionism and geopolitical shocks necessitate adaptive and strategic trade policy frameworks. This paper contributes to the understanding of international trade’s complex role in economic development and offers policy implications for enhancing trade-driven growth in an era of increasing uncertainty.