Ahn mu Born in Jongseong, Hambuk, adjacent area of Manchurian border in 1883, He had served as training officer of Korean empire soldier. After the Korean empire army was disbanded by the Japanese empire in 1907, he joined the teacher training course ...
Ahn mu Born in Jongseong, Hambuk, adjacent area of Manchurian border in 1883, He had served as training officer of Korean empire soldier. After the Korean empire army was disbanded by the Japanese empire in 1907, he joined the teacher training course in Hamil School. Felt the needs of education while he served as training officer, Ahn mu served as physical education teacher in the same school after completing the teacher training course of Hamil School. At that time, the physical education teachers inculated the patriotism in the students teaching the military gymnastics.
While Ahn mu was working as physical education teacher, Ynag Han-Ho and Mun Hee-Mok were managing Boseong School. They were looking for the physical education teacher needed for Boseong School and as they had close relationship with Ahn Su-Ick, the father of Ahn mu, they could bring Ahn mu to Boseong School through Ahn Su-Ick. While Ahn mu was working in Boseong School, Korean empire was annexed to Japanese empire, he, Yang Han-Ho and Mun Hee-Mok decided to seek asylum in North Gando for independence Movement.
Korean people in North Gando mostly suffered from hardship of life. Ahn mu educated the youth uniting the Korean society in North Gando. He was building the outpost for the independence movement. Hwarong-hyeon where they settled was the area many Korean people resided and had abundant human resources. These three persons was going to start the independence movement systematically by organizing the organization. However, the name and the specific activities of this organization were not known. Maybe he seemed to engage in the activities in the branch of Ganminhoe.
Later, Ahn mu participated in Korean National Association founded in 1919. In 1920, he was appointed as commander of Korean National Association army established by Korean National Association. Korean National Association seemed to possess the certain weaponry and army and Ahn mu increased the size of Korean National Association army under the full support of Korean National Association.
As the size of independence army was growing bigger, Japanese empire tried to collapse the organization by attacking the independence army. The National Association army distinguished itself in the Bongoh-dong and Cheongsan-li battles through the alliance with other independence armies. The role of National Association army was not limited to the police or maintenance of public security.
To redeem the defeat, Japanese empire provoked the Hunchun incident together with Chang Tsolin and caused Gando incident using that. The independence army moved toward Milsan in order to avoid the attack by Japanese empire and not to harm the Korean people. Korean people in Maritime Province wanted to provide the help for the independence army to settle down and the independence army accepted such offer. Belonged to independence army, Ahn mu moved to Milsan and reorganized the independence army as Daehan Tonggunbu. The purpose of gathering the independence army in Free City was to resist against Japanese empire by gathering the scattered forces. Ahn mu took the charge of Second Brigade, which was in charge of Youngahn-hyeon Amidst the chaos after the Bolshevik Revolution, Bolsheviki tried to use the fighting power of the independence army welcoming the organized Korean troops. On June 07, 1921, Kalandarishvili proclaimed in Free City that he was the commander in chief of Goryeo Military Government Council and Ahn mu participated in Goryeo Military Goverment Council. Later, the troops of Ahn mu, Lee Cheong-Cheon and Gong Beon-Do were incorporated to Third Brigade of Goryeo Revolutionary Army Council on June 26. After the Free City incident, Far Eastern Secretariat of Comintern ordered to suspend the mobilization to Manchuria and to move the troops to Irkutsk. Ahn mu and Gonh Beom-Do refused the movement to Irkutsk and Ahn mu came back to Manchuria, later.
When Ahn mu came back to North Gando was around December, 1921 and he organized the Jungryeong Branch of Goryeo Communist Party together with Goo Chun-Sun and colleagues, through which he would like to receive the support from Far Eastern Secretariat. He made the efforts to propagate the communist, to raise the fund for war and to equip the weaponry.
However, since the forces of independence movement did not united and were scattered, he advocated to hold the convening the National Representative Conference. He was elected as military representative of Borth Gando together with Kim Jwa-Jin. However, since there was no fund to organize the united army, the integration was failed.
In the meantime, Executive Committee of Comintern established Goryeo Revolutionary Military Office and implemented the military training and the communist propaganda by gathering the armed groups of each area in one place. The reason why Ahn mu maintained the relation with Comintern or Military Government Office was to rebuild the independence army organization in North Gando with their help. To do that, He had traveled various times Chita and Irkutsk.
In addition, there was attempt to bind the Korean people in Maritime Province. It was that the establishment of independent worker-peasant government was promoted in the area of Songjeongwan and Khabarovsk. Irkutsk faction tried to build the worker-peasant governemt, that is, the communitarian government in the country trying to get the required fund from Sovient and to use Goryeo Revolution Army and Red Army as milirary organization. Together with them, Ahn mu obtained the commitment from Soviet to receive the full support on the independence movement through the secret agreement with Soviet Government. As such, the reason why Comintern supported the independence movement of Koreans was to cope with Japan.
Later, Ahn mu participated in National Representative Conference in February, 1923. He belonged to Soldier Group of Creative Faction and they demanded to make new organization making claims similar to Creative Faction. Suffered from Gando Incident and Free City Incident, Ahn mu felt the limit of Provisional Government and came to have the thought of Creative Faction.
The central executive committee of Goryeo Communist Party located in Maritime Province charge 4th Military District (Donghwa, Gilim, Hwaryong, Ahndohyeon) to Ahn mu and this army was the advanced unit of Hyeolseongdan. They mainly engaged as guerilla unit, that collected the war fund and performed the guerilla warfare.
In addition, while Ahn mu collected the war fund by establishing Manmongshindang and made effort to get the communist supports through Red Flag Unit, he engaged in the activity as National Committee member participating in National Committee organized in Vladivostok in February, 1924. National Committee was the movement to make new organization after the breakdown of National Representative Conference. They tried to establish the organs of propaganda in important place and to ally with labor groups, etc..
After March, 1924, Ahn mu also did his best to collect the war fund with the colleagues followed him continuously. Then, the Japanese police who detected the trace of Ahn mu with the security force of Japanese consulate ambushed him nearby the north foot of Moa Mountain (about 3 li west of Yongjeong-chon), Yeongilhyeon at 15:00 on September 6 and was shot during the firefight and arrested. Wounded, Ahn mu rejected the treatment by Japanese empire in Jahye Hospital in Yongjeong to the end and died next day. At that time, his age was 41.