곤충병원성 선충(Steinernematid와 Heterorhabditid)을 이용한 시설재배지 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)의 생물적 방제 = Biological Control of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella with Korean Isolates of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid) in Greenhouse

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2002년부터 2005년까지 엽채류 재배지역에 발생하여 많은 피해를 주고 있는 배추좀나방을 환경친화적으로 방제하기 위하여 우리나라 토양에서 분리한 steinemematid 선충과 heterorhabditid 선충, 5계통을 이용하여 실내 petri dish, pot 및 엽채류 재배 온실에서 병원성과 방제효과를 조사하였다. 곤충병원 성 선충 5계통의 배추좀나방에 대한 반수치사농도(LC$_50$)를 조사한 결과, 선충의 계통과 배추좀나방의령기에 따라 차이가 있었다. 반수치사농도는 Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1(GSN1) 계통이 배추좀나방 2$\sim$4령충에서 2.6$\sim$3.9마리로 가장 낮았다. 배추좀나방에 대한 pot에서의 병원성 실험결과도 선충의 계통, 처리농도, 처리횟수 및 엽채류의 종류에 따라차이가 있었다. 병원성이 가장 높았던 선충은 GSN1계통이었고, Steinernema 계통 선충들이 Heterorhabditis 계통 선충들보다 높았다. 선충의 처리회수에 따른 배추좀나방의 유충 치사율에서는 선충의 계통과 처리농도에 관계없이 1회 처리보다 2회와 3회 처리에서 방제효과가 높았다. 배추, 양배추, 케일, 적겨자, 쌈추 및 잎브로콜리에 발생하는 배추좀나방에 곤충병원성 선충을 처리한 결과 배추, 쌈추, 적겨자에서는 방제효과가 높았으나, 양배추, 케일, 잎브로콜리에서는 효과가 낮았다. 시설 내 배추, 양배추 및 케일 포장에서 GSN1, GSNUS-14 및 Heterorhabditis GSNUH-1 계통의 배추좀나방 유충에 대한 방제효과는 선충 계통, 처리농도, 처리회수 및 엽채류의 종류에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 선충 계통 간에는 GSN1이 방제효과가 높았고, 처리농도에서는 m$^2$2당 100,000마리(720,000마리/7.2 m$^2$=$1\times10^9$마리/ha)가 다른 두 농도처리보다 높았다. 처리회수에서는 3회 처리가 1회와 2회 처리보다 높았고, 엽채류 종류에 따라서는 배추가 양배추나 케일보다 논았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Five strains of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), steinernematids and heterorhabditids were evaluated and tried in laboratory, pot, and vegetable greenhouses for environmentally friendly control of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xyiostella, from 2002 to 2005. LC$_{50}$ values of five EPN strains against DBM were different depending on nematode strain and DBM instar. LC$_{50}$ value of Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 (GSN1) was the lowest representing 2.6$\sim$3.9 infective juveniles (Ijs, 3rd stage) to 2nd to 4th instars of DBM. Pathogenicity of five effective strains against DBM was different depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable in pot. The most effective nematode was GSN1. Steinernema spp. was more effective than Heterorhabditis spp. against DBM. Two or three times of applications of EPN were effective regardless of nematode strain and concentration in pot. Efficacy of EPN was different depending on vegetable species. Efficacy was higher on Chinese cabbage, red mustard, and Ssamchoo than that on cabbage, kale, and leaf broccoli. Efficacy of GSN1, Steinernema GSNUS-10, Steinernema CSNUS-14, and Heterorhabditis GSNUH-1 was variable depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable in greenhouse experiments. GSN1 was the most effective and 100,000 infective juveniles per m$^2$(=$1\times10^9$ Ijs/ha) resulted in higher efficacy. Three times of application of nematodes led to higher control efficacy than one or two applications. Efficacy of nematodes was higher on Chinese cabbage than cabbage or kale in greenhouse.

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