Background: Diabetic nephropathy, the major cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Recently, accumulation of periostin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, was shown to be implicated in renal fibrosis. Aptam...
Background: Diabetic nephropathy, the major cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Recently, accumulation of periostin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, was shown to be implicated in renal fibrosis. Aptamers, which are novel oligonucleotides that bind to specific target molecules, are proven to have higher binding affinity without developing the common side effects of antibodies. In addition, the cost of aptamer production is lower than that of small molecules, making the former a promising pharmaceutical candidate.
Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the therapeutic roles of a periostin-binding DNA aptamer in renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. The direct impact of periostin inhibition by a novel aptamer-based inhibitor on TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix synthesis in cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells was investigated. The effects of the periostin-binding DNA aptamer on renal fibrosis were also evaluated in animal models of diabetic nephropathy.
Methods: To regulate the functional role of periostin, a periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA) that was generated to target human periostin was used. For in vitro studies, IMCD cells were incubated in DMEM/F12 media, and they were exposed to TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) with or without PA (100 nmol/l). After 48 hr, the cells were harvested. In vivo, unilateral nephrectomy was performed in C57/BL6 mice. After one wk, they were intraperitoneally injected with saline (N=16) or streptozocin (50 mg/kg/d) (N=16) to induce diabetes. db/db mice (N=16) and nondiabetic db/m mice (N=16) were also used. Eight mice from each group were treated with PA (500 µg/kg/d). RNA and protein expression of periostin, fibronectin, and type I collagen in IMCD cells and mouse kidneys were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Sirius Red staining were also conducted.
Results: In vitro, TGF-β1 treatment significantly up-regulated periostin, fibronectin, and type I collagen mRNA and protein expression in cultured IMCD cells, and these increases were significantly attenuated in PA-treated IMCD cells exposed to TGF-β1. In vivo, fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic mice, and PA administration significantly abrogated the increases in renal fibronectin and type I collagen expression in diabetic mice. IHC and Sirius Red staining also revealed that fibronectin expression was significantly higher and tubulointersititial fibrosis was significantly severer in the kidney of diabetic mice compared to control mice, and these changes were clearly ameliorated with PA treatment.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that inhibition of periostin using a DNA aptamer can be a potential therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.