한국 장례문화의 흐름과 다비(茶毘) = The flow of Korean funeral culture and Dabi(cremation)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the flow of cremation in the history of funerary culture, and how it has been practiced by monks.
The historical trend of cremation has gone through the ups and downs of voluntary acceptance(Three Kingdoms and Goryeo), heteronomous exclusion(Joseon Dynasty), heteronomous acceptance(Japanese Occupation), voluntary exclusion(post-liberation), and voluntary acceptance(recent times).
Cremation was introduced with Buddhism during the Three Kingdoms period, but for a long time, burial was the predominant practice in the Sangha.
With the introduction of Zen Buddhism in the 9th century, the practice of cremating Patriarch upon their death and enshrining their bones in stupa was established. Most other monks were buried.
It wasn't until the 12th century that cremation became a Sangha practice. At this time, double burials were also common, and ashes were scattered. During the Joseon Dynasty, when cremation was institutionally prohibited for the people, it was steadily passed down in the Sangha. Buddhist cremation is a uniquely Korean form of funeral ritual with strong Zen Buddhist elements. Cremation has been done in different ways at different Buddhist cathedrals, but these traditions are eroding and standardised practices are taking their place.