THE JAPANESE MODEL OF MODERNIZATION : (PRESENT AND FUTURE)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since 1945, the United States has been the dominant technological power in the world. With other major industries left in ruins by the destruction of World War Ⅱ, American industrial productive capacity provided the major means and resource fer reconstructuring from the devastations in the world. But by the nineteen seventies, the American industrial plant was considerably older than those of West Germany or of Japan, losing part of its competitive edge as American productive performance declined. The Japanese industrial plant underwent far more drastic structural changes than either the American or European capital equipment. In industry after industry the Japanese expanded capacity, improved productivity, and then used their economic capability to penetrate and saturate markets. The Japanese strategy of economic activity prevented capital equipment from aging to the same degree as the American industrial plant, but by the late nineteen seventies, many Japanese industries had been compelled to contract sharply as the rapid expansion of their industry came to an end. The Japanese high risk strategy of economic development has resulted in the elimination of capacity in some industries, has been costly to the Japanese economy and will require a restructuring of Japanese institutions to accommodate the shrinkage of its agricultural employment, to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups such as women, and to adapt to the changing values of the successor generation, the one born since the war, as it gains access to power in the government and in the private sector. The future of the Japanese economy seems to rely mere do social and cultural factors than on economic ones, in the same way that the success of the economic performance of the last thirty years generates from Japanese culture and society and not from its technology, which is imported from the West although perfected in Japan.
The Japanese people, living on crowded islands, lead a precarious life despite external signs of economic vigor. Japan must rely on imports for much of foodstuffs, and in 1978, was dependent on foreign sources for 86.3% of its energy requirements, The economic success of Japan cannot be attributed to abundance of resources as has been said about the American economy, nor to geography. The history of Japan fails to yield a tradition which extolled merchants or businessmen and might have been expected to produce the current state of modernization. An inquiry of the Japanese success must probe for cultural and social factors, which in the face of great odds have produced the contemporary Japanese economic state. Numerous studies exist on Japanese industry and modernization, but the scholarship in these fields leaves a gap between Japanese industry and economy on one hand, and culture and social systems on the other. In this paper, the cultural base of the Japanese industry and its modernization are explored.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Deep Culture and Japanese Modernization
• 1. The Center of Gravity of Japanese Deep Culture
• 2. Distinctive Influences of Japanese Deep Culture: Man and Nature
• 3. Social Relativism
• 4. Japanese Management
• 5. Japanese Social Systems
• 6. Prospects for the Future
• ·REFERENCES