(The) soils of Oregon

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1 Introduction = 1
• 1.1 Etymology = 1
• 1.2 Geography = 1
• 1.3 Demographics = 1
• 1.4 History = 2
• 1.5 Economy = 2
• 1.6 Summary = 3
• References = 3
• 2 History of Soil Studies in Oregon = 5
• 2.1 Introduction = 5
• 2.2 Definition of Soil = 5
• 2.3 Soil Surveys 5
• 2.4 Soil Series = 8
• 2.5 Soil Classification = 10
• 2.6 Soil Taxonomy = 10
• 2.7 General Soil Maps = 15
• 2.8 Soil Research = 16
• 2.9 The State Soil = 17
• 2.10 Summary = 17
• References = 20
• 3 Soil-Forming Factors = 21
• 3.1 Introduction = 21
• 3.2 Climate = 21
• 3.2.1 Current Climate = 21
• 3.2.2 Past Climates = 25
• 3.3 Vegetation = 26
• 3.4 Relief = 32
• 3.5 Physiographic Provinces = 34
• 3.6 Geologic Structure = 35
• 3.7 Surficial Geology = 39
• 3.8 Time = 40
• 3.9 Humans = 40
• 3.10 Summary = 40
• References = 42
• 4 Elevation Gradients in Oregon Mountain Ranges = 43
• 4.1 Introduction = 43
• 4.2 Coast Range = 43
• 4.3 Cascade Mountains = 43
• 4.4 Wallowa Mountains = 47
• 4.5 Blue Mountains = 49
• 4.6 Steens Mountain = 49
• 4.7 Fremont Mountains = 49
• 4.8 Klamath Mountains = 50
• 4.9 Summary = 50
• Reference = 50
• 5 General Soil Regions of Oregon = 51
• 5.1 Introduction = 51
• 5.2 Malheur High Plateau = 53
• 5.3 Cascade Mountains = 59
• 5.4 Blue Mountain Foothills = 60
• 5.5 Blue Mountains = 61
• 5.6 Siskiyou Mountains = 63
• 5.7 Cascade Mountains-Eastern Slope = 66
• 5.8 Coast Range = 67
• 5.9 Willamette Valley = 70
• 5.10 Owyhee High Plateau = 73
• 5.11 Columbia Plateau = 74
• 5.12 Klamath Basin = 77
• 5.13 Palouse Prairie = 79
• 5.14 Sitka Spruce Belt = 81
• 5.15 Columbia Basin = 82
• 5.16 Snake River Plains = 85
• 5.17 Humboldt Area = 86
• 5.18 Coastal Redwood Belt = 88
• 5.19 Summary = 88
• Reference = 88
• 6 Diagnostic Horizons and Taxonomic Structure of Oregon Soils = 89
• 6.1 Introduction = 89
• 6.2 Diagnostic Horizons = 89
• 6.3 Orders = 91
• 6.4 Suborders = 91
• 6.5 Great Groups = 91
• 6.6 Subgroups = 91
• 6.7 Families = 91
• 6.8 Soil Series = 96
• 6.9 Summary = 96
• References = 101
• 7 Taxonomic Soil Regions of Oregon = 103
• 7.1 Introduction = 103
• 7.2 Haploxerolls (Soil Region 1) = 110
• 7.3 Argixerolls (Soil Region 2) = 111
• 7.4 Humudepts (Soil Region 3) = 114
• 7.5 Haplargids (Soil Region 4) = 116
• 7.6 Argidurids (Soil Region 5) = 117
• 7.7 Vitricryands (Soil Region 6) = 118
• 7.8 Haplocambids (Soil Region 7) = 122
• 7.9 Palexerolls (Soil Region 8) = 124
• 7.10 Haploxeralfs (Soil Region 9) = 126
• 7.11 Haplodurids (Soil Region 10) = 128
• 7.12 Dystroxerepts (Soil Region 11) = 130
• 7.13 Durixerolls (Soil Region 12) = 132
• 7.14 Haplohumults (Soil Region 13) = 133
• 7.15 Vitrixerands (Soil Region 14) = 136
• 7.16 Udivitrands (Soil Region 15) = 138
• 7.17 Haploxerepts (Soil Region 16) = 140
• 7.18 Palehumults (Soil Region 17) = 141
• 7.19 Dystrudepts (Soil Region 18) = 143
• 7.20 Hapludands (Soil Region 19) = 145
• 7.21 Paleargids (Soil Region 20) = 146
• 7.22 Eutrudepts (Soil Region 21) = 149
• 7.23 Fulvudands (Soil Region 22) = 151
• 7.24 Torripsamments (Soil Region 23) = 153
• 7.25 Endoaquolls (Soil Region 24) = 155
• 7.26 Torriorthents (Soil Region 25) = 157
• 7.27 Haplocryands (Soil Region 26) = 159
• 7.28 Argialbolls (Soil Region 27) = 161
• 7.29 Palexeralfs (Soil Region 28) = 163
• 7.30 Summary = 164
• 8 Mollisols = 165
• 8.1 Distribution = 165
• 8.2 Properties and Processes = 166
• 8.3 Use and Management = 168
• 8.4 Summary = 168
• Reference = 173
• 9 Inceptisols = 175
• 9.1 Distribution = 175
• 9.2 Properties and Processes = 176
• 9.3 Use and Management = 178
• 9.4 Summary = 178
• 10 Aridisols = 181
• 10.1 Distribution = 181
• 10.2 Properties and Processes = 181
• 10.3 Use and Management = 185
• 10.4 Summary = 185
• Reference = 185
• 11 Andisols = 187
• 11.1 Distribution = 187
• 11.2 Properties and Processes = 189
• 11.3 Use and Management = 192
• 11.4 Summary = 192
• Reference = 195
• 12 Ultisols = 197
• 12.1 Distribution = 197
• 12.2 Properties and Processes = 197
• 12.3 Use and Management = 199
• 12.4 Summary = 199
• References = 200
• 13 Alfisols = 201
• 13.1 Distribution = 201
• 13.2 Properties and Processes = 201
• 13.3 Use and Management = 202
• 13.4 Summary = 202
• Reference = 204
• 14 Entisols, Vertisols, Spodosols, and Histosols = 205
• 14.1 Distribution = 205
• 14.2 Properties and Processes = 207
• 14.3 Use and Management = 212
• 14.4 Summary = 213
• References = 213
• 15 Soil-Forming Processes in Oregon = 215
• 15.1 Introduction = 215
• 15.2 Humification = 215
• 15.3 Cambisolization = 215
• 15.4 Argilluviation = 215
• 15.5 Andisolization = 216
• 15.6 Gleization = 216
• 15.7 Silicification = 217
• 15.8 Vertization = 217
• 15.9 Calcification = 217
• 15.10 Solonization = 217
• 15.11 Salinization = 217
• 15.12 Podzolization = 217
• 15.13 Paludization = 218
• 15.14 Soils with Minimal Soil-Forming Processes = 218
• 15.15 Summary = 218
• References = 218
• 16 Benchmark, Endemic, Rare, and Endangered Soils in Oregon = 219
• 16.1 Introduction = 219
• 16.2 Benchmark Soils = 219
• 16.3 Endemic Soils = 219
• 16.4 Rare Soils = 219
• 16.5 Endangered Soils = 220
• 16.6 Shallow Soils = 220
• 16.7 Highly Represented Soil Great Groups = 220
• 16.8 Summary = 220
• References = 221
• 17 Land Use in Oregon = 223
• 17.1 Introduction = 223
• 17.2 Land Ownership and Management = 223
• 17.2.1 Federal = 223
• 17.2.2 Indigenous Peoples = 225
• 17.2.3 State and Local Government = 226
• 17.2.4 Private = 226
• 17.3 Land-Use Designations = 229
• 17.3.1 Developed Land = 230
• 17.3.2 Farmsteads = 230
• 17.3.3 Cropland = 230
• 17.3.4 Pasture and Rangeland = 232
• 17.3.5 Forestland = 233
• 17.4 Soil Survey Management Groups = 236
• 17.4.1 Land Capability Classes = 236
• 17.4.2 National Inventory Groupings = 237
• 17.5 Oregon Land-Use Planning = 237
• 17.5.1 Zoning = 237
• 17.5.2 Oregon Land Use Act of 1973 = 237
• 17.5.3 Changes to the Oregon Land Use Act : Measures 7, 37, and 49 = 239
• 17.5.4 After Measure 49 = 240
• 17.6 Key Natural Resource Challenges Related to Land Use and Soil = 241
• 17.6.1 Climate Change = 241
• 17.6.2 Wetland Loss = 243
• 17.6.3 Flooding = 243
• 17.6.4 Landslides = 247
• 17.6.5 Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Tsunamis = 248
• 17.6.6 Coastal Erosion = 249
• 17.6.7 Wildfires = 255
• 17.7 Summary = 258
• References = 259
• 18 Yields, Soil Conservation, and Production Systems = 265
• 18.1 Introduction = 265
• 18.2 Yields of Oregon Working Lands = 265
• 18.2.1 Cropland Yields = 265
• 18.2.2 Grazing Land Yields = 268
• 18.2.3 Forestry Yields = 269
• 18.2.4 Productivity Indices and Yield Modeling = 269
• 18.3 Conservation of Soil and Related Resources = 270
• 18.3.1 Background = 270
• 18.3.2 State Regulations = 270
• 18.3.3 Federal Regulations = 273
• 18.3.4 Local, State, and Federal Funding for Conservation = 275
• 18.3.5 Practices = 275
• 18.3.6 Soil Health = 275
• 18.4 Cropland Management Systems = 277
• 18.4.1 Hay and Haylage = 277
• 18.4.2 Grain Crops = 278
• 18.4.3 Conservation Reserve Program = 280
• 18.4.4 Seed Crops = 281
• 18.4.5 Vegetables = 282
• 18.4.6 Orchards = 283
• 18.4.7 Corn for Silage or Grain = 287
• 18.4.8 Christmas Trees = 288
• 18.4.9 Nursery Crops = 289
• 18.4.10 Hemp and Marijuana = 291
• 18.4.11 Berries = 292
• 18.4.12 Grapes = 294
• 18.4.13 Small Acreage Vegetables and Specialty Crops = 296
• 18.5 Pasture and Grazed Rangeland Management Systems = 297
• 18.5.1 Pasture = 298
• 18.5.2 Grazed Rangeland = 300
• 18.6 Forestry Management Systems = 301
• 18.6.1 Western Oregon Forests = 302
• 18.6.2 Eastern Oregon Forests = 305
• 18.7 First Foods of Indigenous Peoples = 306
• 18.7.1 Camas = 307
• 18.7.2 Lomatium Species = 307
• 18.7.3 Oregon White Oak = 309
• 18.7.4 The Huckleberries = 310
• 18.7.5 Water and Salmon = 311
• 18.8 Summary = 314
• References = 315
• 19 Summary = 323
• Appendix A : Soil-Forming Factors for Soil Series in Oregon with an Area of 50 km2 or More = 325
• Appendix B : Thicknesses (cm) of Diagnostic Horizons in Soil Series with an Area of 50 km2 and Greater in Oregon = 365
• Appendix C : Area and Taxonomy of Soil Series in Oregon = 379
• Appendix D : Benchmark, Endemic, Rare, and Endangered Soil Series in Oregon = 433
• Appendix E : Land Use, Yield, and Key Soil Characteristics Influencing Yield in Oregon = 465
• Index = 539