Perplexing Paradoxes : Unraveling Enigmas in the World Around Us

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Introduction = xiii
• I QUOTIDIAN RIDDLES : MAKING SENSE
• OF THE SILLY AND SURPRISING = 1
• 1 My Friends Are More Popular Than I Am :
• The Friendship Paradox = 3
• 2 Waiting for Godot : The Elevator Paradox = 7
• 3 The Pursuit of Happiness : The Paradox of Hedonism = 12
• 4 Tip Now or Tip Later? The Good Service Paradox = 17
• 5 Don’t Work Out to Lose Weight : The Exercise Paradox = 22
• II LANGUAGE IS TRICKY : IT’S NOT
• WHAT YOU SAY, IT’S WHAT THEY HEAR 27
• 6 Can’t Get No Satisfaction :
• Morgenbesser’s Double Negatives = 29
• 7 Don’t Trust Friends : False Friends = 33
• 8 Janus Words : The Antagonym Paradox = 37
• 9 Pentasyllable Has Five Syllables :
• The Grelling-Nelson Paradox = 42
• 10 A Rose Is a Rose Is a Rose : The Langford-Moore Paradox = 46
• III UNBELIEVABLE BUT TRUE : THERE’S
• MORE THAN HAPPY ENDINGS = 51
• 11 Whodunit? He Done It! The Paradox of Suspense = 53
• 12 To Wallow in Sorrow : The Paradox of Tragedy = 57
• 13 Moved to Tears : The Paradox of Fiction = 61
• 14 Hidden by Quotation Marks : The Quinification Paradox = 66
• 15 All Remaining Errors Are My Own : The Preface Paradox = 71
• IV YOU DO THE math : NUMBERS
• DON'T LIE-GO FIGURE!= 77
• 16 Chocolates from the Trays : The Axiom of Choice = 79
• 17 Rounding Crooked Numbers : 0.999 ... = 84
• 18 On or Off? Thomson’s Lamp = 89
• 19 Randomness Is Not Random : The Random
• Numbers Paradox = 94
• 20 Zero or One? That Is the Question : Grandi’s Paradox = 100
• V LET'S GET PHYSICAL = 105
• 21 Why Is It Dark at Night? Olbers’s Paradox = 107
• 22 Gathering in the Middle : The Tea Leaves Paradox = 112
• 23 Shaken, Not Stirred! The Brazil Nut Effect = 117
• 24 Cold and Colder : The M pemba Paradox = 121
• 25 Suck or Spout? The Sprinkler Paradox = 126
• VI THE POSSIBILITY OF PROBABILITY...
• AND THEN THERE’S STATISTICS = 131
• 26 A Cadillac or a Goat? The Monty Hall Paradox = 133
• 27 To Treat or Not to Treat? Simpson’s Paradox = 138
• 28 A Holistic Approach : The Two Envelopes Problem = 143
• 29 Silver and Gold? Bertrand’s Probability Paradox = 148
• 30 Are More Than Half the Babies Boys? Lindley’s Paradox = 152
• VII FOOTLOOSE PHILOSOPHY :
• GIVE IT SOME THOUGHT = 157
• 31 To Shave or Not to Shave ... Oneself :
• Russell’s Barber Paradox = 159
• 32 I Don’t Believe It : Moore’s Paradox = 164
• 33 Known Knowns, Known Unknowns : Fitch’s Paradox = 169
• 34 No ATM in the Desert : Parfit’s Hitchhiker = 174
• 35 Plus or Quus? The Kripkenstein Paradox = 179
• VIII LOOPY LOGIC : MAKING SENSE
• OF SEEMING NONSENSE = 183
• 36 God Exists, and the Moon Is Made of Cheese :
• Curry’s Paradox = 185
• 37 To Know Nothing : Socrates’s Paradox = 190
• 38 Is There a Point in Asking the Question?
• Meno’s Paradox = 194
• 39 The Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth : Godel's
• Incompleteness Theorem = 199
• 40 Are All Ravens Black? Hempel’s Paradox = 204
• IX QUESTIONS OF FAITH : THE SMALL
• PRINT OF HOLY TEXTS = 209
• 41 In the Name of the Lord, Your God :
• The Third Commandment = 211
• 42 A Stone So Heavy ... : The Omnipotence Paradox = 215
• 43 Accumulate Wealth ... but Don’t Spend It :
• The Paradox of Asceticism = 220
• 44 Thou Mayest Steal : The Sermon on the Mount = 224
• 45 All Is Perfect : The Smarandache Paradox = 229
• X LEGAL LIABILITIES : TERMS AND
• CONDITIONS APPLY = 233
• 46 When Two Rights Make a Wrong : The Blackmail
• Paradox = 235
• 47 Guilty Until Proven Innocent : The Prosecutor’s Fallacy = 240
• 48 The Right to Remain Silent : The Fifth Amendment = 245
• 49 When in Doubt, Acquit : The Unspecified Offense Paradox = 250
• 50 Can Two Wrongs Make a Right? The Holistic
• Trial Paradox = 254
• XI THE ECONOMICS OF THE
• UNEXPECTED : IT STACKS UP...
• BUT DOES IT BALANCE? = 259
• 51 Sell a Lot and Make No Profits :
• Bertrand’s Economics Paradox = 261
• 52 Doing More with Less : Jevons’s Paradox = 267
• 53 Optimal Liberalism : Sen's Paradox = 272
• 54 Private Vices, Publick Benefits : Mandeville’s Paradox = 277
• 55 Tightening One’s Belt : The Paradox of Thrift = 281
• XII PUZZLING POLITICS : THE VEXING
• MATHEMATICS OF DEMOCRACY = 287
• 56 Who Should Win? Condorcet Cycles = 289
• 57 More Seats or Fewer? The Alabama Paradox = 294
• 58 To Abstain from Elections : The Nonvoting Paradox = 299
• 59 Packing and Cracking : Gerrymandering = 304
• 60 How Can One Be a Democrat? Wollheim’s Paradox = 310
• Epilogue = 315
• Postscript = 317
• Bibliographic Notes = 319
• Index = 329