An Introduction to industrial chemistry . 1991|RISS 상세보기

목차 (Table of Contents)

CONTENTS
Editorial introduction / C. A. Heaton = 1
General bibliography = 5
References = 6
1 Introduction / C. A. Heaton = 7

CONTENTS
Editorial introduction / C. A. Heaton = 1
General bibliography = 5
References = 6
1 Introduction / C. A. Heaton = 7
1.1 Characteristics of the industry = 8
1.2 Scale of operations = 9
1.3 Major chemical producing countries = 10
1.4 Major sectors and their products = 10
1.5 Turning chemicals into useful end products = 12
1.6 Environmental issues = 13
1.6.1 Flixborough = 13
1.6.2 Minamata Bay (Japan) = 14
1.6.3 Thalidomide and drugs = 14
1.6.4 Seveso, Bhopal and pesticides = 15
1.6.5 CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) = 15
2 Sources of chemicals / C. A. Heaton = 17
2.1 Introduction = 17
2.2 Sources of organic chemicals = 22
2.2.1 Organic chemicals from oil and natural gas = 23
2.2.2 Organic chemicals from coal = 27
2.2.3 Organic chemicals from carbohydrates (biomass) = 36
2.2.4 Organic chemicals from animal and vegetable oils and fats = 39
2.3 Sources of inorganic chemicals = 41
2.4 Recycling of materials = 43
References = 43
Bibliography = 44
3 The world's major chemical industries / C. A Heaton = 45
3.1 History and development of the chemical industry = 45
3.1.1 Origins of the chemical industry = 45
3.1.2 Inter-war years, 1918-1939 = 48
3.1.3 Second World War period, 1939-1945 = 50
3.1.4 Post-1945 period = 50
3.2 The chemical industry today = 56
3.2.1 Definition of the chemical industry = 56
3.2.2 The need for a chemical industry = 57
3.2.3 The major chemicals = 60
3.3 The United Kingdom chemical industry = 60
3.3.1 Comparison with other U.K. manufacturing industries = 61
3.3.2 International comparisons in the chemical industry = 64
3.3.3 Major locations of the U.K. chemical industry = 66
3.3.4 Some major U.K. chemical companies = 68
3.4 The U.S. chemical industry = 70
3.5 Other chemical industries = 73
3.5.1 Japan = 73
3.5.2 West Germany = 73
3.5.3 France = 74
3.5.4 Italy = 74
3.5.5 Netherlands = 74
3.6 World's major chemical companies = 74
3.7 General characteristics and future of the chemical industry = 74
3.7.1 General characteristics = 74
3.7.2 The future = 76
References = 78
Bibliography = 78
4 Organization and finance / D. G. Bew = 79
4.1 Introduction = 79
4.2 Structure of a company = 79
4.2.1 Company board functions = 80
4.2.2 Operating divisions = 81
4.2.3 Divisional structures = 82
4.3 Organization of R&D = 84
4.3.1 Long-term activities = 84
4.3.2 Shorter term-process R & D = 86
4.3.3 Shorter term-product R & D = 87
4.3.4 Evaluating results of R & D = 88
4.3.5 Financing R & D activities = 89
4.3.6 Links with other functions = 91
4.4 Production orizanization = 92
4.4.1 Management structure = 93
4.4.2 Plant management and operation = 93
4.4.3 Engineering function = 96
4.4.4 Links with other functions = 96
4.5 Marketing = 97
4.5.1 Role of marketing = 98
4.5.2 Short-term sales plans = 99
4.5.3 Long-term sales plans = 99
4.5.4 Market R&D = 100
4.5.5 Links with other functions = 100
4.6 Sources of finance = 101
4.6.1 Internal sources of finance = 101
4.6.2 External finance = 102
4.6.3 Financial structure = 104
4.7 Multinationals = 105
4.7.1 Growth of multinationals = 106
4.7.2 Reasons for development = 106
References = 108
Bibliography = 108
5 Technological economics / D. G. Bew = 109
5.1 Introduction = 109
5.2 Cost of producing a chemical = 110
5.3 Variable costs = 111
5.3.1 Raw material costs = 112
5.3.2 Energy input costs = 112
5.3.3 Royalty/licence payments = 113
5.3.4 Effect of production rate on variable cost = 114
5.3.5 Packaging and transport = 114
5.4 Fixed costs = 114
5.4.1 Labour charges = 115
5.4.2 Depreciation = 115
5.4.3 Rates and insurance = 116
5.4.4 Overhead charges = 116
5.5 Direct, indirect and capital related costs = 116
5.6 Profit = 117
5.7 Effects of scale of operation = 118
5.7.1 Variable costs = 118
5.7.2 Fixed costs = 118
5.7.3 Plant capital = 119
5.8 Effect of low rate operation = 122
5.8.1 Break-even production rate = 125
5.9 Diminishing return = 125
5.10 Absorption costing and marginality = 127
5.11 Measuring profitability = 130
5.11.1 Return on investment = 130
5.11.2 Use of inflated capital-current cost accounting = 131
5.11.3 Payback time = 132
5.11.4 Equivalent maximum investment period = 134
5.12 Time value of money = 135
5.12.1 Net present value and discounted cash flow = 135
5.12.2 Discounted cash flow return = 139
5.12.3 Use of NPV and DCF as profitability measures = 140
5.13 Project evaluation = 141
5.13.1 Comparison of process variable costs = 141
5.13.2 Estimation of plant capital = 142
5.13.3 Process cost comparison = 143
5.13.4 Estimating markets/prices = 144
5.13.5 Effects of uncertainty = 148
5.14 Conclusion = 151
Appendix (D.C.F. calculations) = 151
References = 160
Bibliography = 160
6 Chemical engineering / R. Szczepanski = 161
6.1 Introduction = 161
6.2 Material balances = 162
6.2.1 The flowsheet = 162
6.2.2 General balance equation = 162
6.2.3 Material balance techniques = 165
6.2.4 Multiple unit balances = 167
6.2.5 Chemical reactions = 170
6.3 Energy balances = 178
6.3.1 Energy balance equations = 178
6.3.2 Estimation of enthalpy changes = 179
6.3.3 Reactive systems = 191
6.3.4 Energy balance techniques = 182
6.4 Fluid flow = 187
6.4.1 Types of fluid = 187
6.4.2 Flow regimes = 188
6.4.3 Balance equations = 190
6.4.4 Flow in pipes = 192
6.5 Heat transfer = 201
6.5.1 Mechanisms = 201
6.5.2 Shell and tube heat exchangers = 206
6.6 Separation processes = 211
6.6.1 Characteristics of separation processes = 211
6.6.2 Phase equilibria = 212
6.6.3 Binary distillation = 214
6.7 Process control = 221
6.7.1 Objectives of process control = 222
6.7.2 The control loop = 223
6.7.3 Measuring devices = 224
6.7.4 The controller = 224
6.7.5 Final control element = 227
6.7.6 Computer control = 227
Appendix = 230
References = 232
Bibliography = 232
7 Energy / J. McIntyre = 233
7.1 Introduction = 233
7.1.1 Energy required by the chemical industry = 233
7.1.2 Sources of energy = 233
7.1.3 Properties of fuels = 235
7.1.4 Cost of energy = 236
7.2 Types of energy = 237
7.2.1 Power requirements for fluid flow = 238
7.2.2 Variation in energy content requirement = 240
7.3 Use of energy in the chemical industry = 241
7.3.1 Reaction energy = 241
7.3.2 Preparation and separation of energy = 242
7.3.3 Heat transfer media = 242
7.4 Efficient utilization of energy = 245
7.4.1 Exothermic reactions = 245
7.4.2 Separation processes = 246
7.4.3 Restriction of losses = 247
7.5 Conclusions = 248
Appendix = 249
References = 249
Bibliography = 250
8 Environmental pollution control / K. V. Scott = 251
8.1 Technology and pollution = 251
8.1.1 Air pollution = 253
8.1.2 Water pollution = 256
8.2 Methods of pollution control = 258
8.2.1 Elimination of effluent at source = 258
8.2.2 Reduction of effluent volume = 260
8.2.3 Water re-use and recovery of materials = 261
8.2.4 Physical, chemical and biological methods of treatment = 261
8.3 Economics of pollution control = 266
8.3.1 Treatment plant/processes = 266
8.3.2 Disposal into sewers = 270
8.3.3 Recovery of materials = 270
8.4 Industrial health and hygiene = 270
8.4.1 Introduction = 270
8.4.2 Health hazards = 271
8.4.3 Industrial medicine = 273
8.5 Legislation = 274
8.5.1 U.K. legislation = 274
8.5.2 U.S. legislation = 277
8.5.3 EEC legislation = 278
8.5.4 Responsibility = 279
8.5.5 Effects of legislation and standards = 279
8.6 Environmental topics = 279
8.6.1 Acid rain = 279
8.6.2 Ozone depletion = 280
8.6.3 Carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect = 281
References = 282
Bibliography = 283
9 Chlor-alkali products / S. F. Kelham = 284
9.1 Introduction = 284
9.2 Uses of chlorine = 287
9.3 Uses of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) = 288
9.4 Uses of hydrogen = 289
9.5 Types of cell = 289
9.5.1 Mercury cell process = 289
9.5.2 Diaphragm cell process = 293
9.5.3 Membrane cell process = 296
9.6 Future developments = 302
Bibliography = 303
10 Catalysts and catalysis / J. Pennington = 304
10.1 Introduction = 304
10.2 Definitions and constraints = 305
10.2.1 Essential features = 305
10.2.2 Initiators = 306
10.2.3 Co-reactants = 307
10.2.4 Inhibition = 307
10.3 Thermodynamic relationships = 307
10.3.1 Application = 307
10.3.2 Effect of total pressure = 308
10.3.3 Rough calculations = 309
10.3.4 Thermodynamic traps = 309
10.4 Homogeneous catalysis = 310
10.4.1 General features = 310
10.4.2 Catalyst life and poisons = 311
10.4.3 Limitations = 311
10.5 Heterogenization of homogeneous catalytic systems = 313
10.6 Heterogeneous catalysis = 315
10.6.1 Introduction = 315
10.6.2 Major (primary) and minor (secondary) components = 316
10.6.3 Operational modes = 316
10.6.4 Chemisorption and active sites = 317
10.6.5 Physical forms and their preparation = 319
10.6.6 Support interactions = 321
10.6.7 Catalyst structure = 321
10.6.8 General kinetic behaviour = 322
10.6.9 Catalyst deactivation and life = 323
10.6.10 Studies on surface chemistry = 325
10.6.11 Theoretical approaches = 326
10.7 Applications and mechanisms = 326
10.7.1 Introduction = 326
10.7.2 Acid catalysis = 327
10.7.3 Hydrogenation = 333
10.7.4 Dual-function catalysis = 334
10.7.5 Olefin (alkene) polymerization and dismutation on metals = 335
10.7.6 Base catalysis = 336
10.7.7 Oxidations = 336
10.7.8 Carbon monoxide chemistry = 343
10.8 The future = 345
References = 346
Bibliography = 347
11 Petrochemicals / J. Pennington = 348
11.1 Introduction = 348
11.1.1 Layout = 348
11.1.2 The beginnings = 348
11.1.3 Into the 70s = 349
11.1.4 The present = 349
11.1.5 Individual feedstocks and routes = 350
11.2 Crude oil, gas and refinery operations = 351
11.2.1 Crude oil and natural gas = 351
11.2.2 Refinery operations = 351
11.2.3 Energy consumption = 353
11.3 Lower olefins (alkenes) and acetylene (ethyne) = 354
11.3.1 Cracking processes = 354
11.3.2 Energy balances and economics = 357
11.3.3 Lower olefins (alkenes) versus acetylene (ethyne) = 361
11.3.4 Polyethylene (polyethene) and polypropylene (polypropene) = 364
11.3.5 Production and use statistics = 365
11.4 Synthesis gas, ammonia and methanol = 366
11.4.1 Process descriptions = 367
11.4.2 Energy balances and economics = 369
11.4.3 Urea (carbamide), formaidehyde (methanal), amino resins and polyacetal = 372
11.4.4 Production and use statistics = 373
11.5 Acetic (ethanoic) acid and anhydride = 373
11.5.1 Acetic acid production = 373
11.5.2 Acetic anhydride production = 376
11.5.3 Production and use statistics = 376
11.6 C₁ products = 377
11.6.1 Formic (methanoic) acid and derivatives = 377
11.6.2 Hydrogen cyanide = 378
11.6.3 Chloromethanes = 378
11.7 C₂ products = 379
11.7.1 Ethanol = 379
11.7.2 Acetaldehyde (ethanal) = 379
11.7.3 Ethylene oxide (oxirane) and glycol (ethane-1, 2-diol) = 380
11.7.4 Vinyl acetate (ethenyl ethanoate) = 381
11.7.5 Chorcetbylenes (chloroetbenes) and choroethanes = 381
11.8 C₃ ProdUetS = 382
11.8.1 Isopropanol (2-propanol) and acetone (propanone) = 382
11.8.2 Propylene oxide (1-methyloxirane) and glycol (propane-1, 2-diol) = 382
11.8.3 Acrylonitrile (propenonitrile) = 383
11.8.4 Acrylates and acrolein (propenal) = 383
11.8.5 Allyfic (propenyl) derivatives = 384
11.8.6 n-Propanol, propionaldehyde (propanal) and propionic (propanoic) acid = 384
11.9 C₄ products = 385
11.9.1 Butenes and butadiene = 385
11.9.2 Sec-butanol (2-butanol) and methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) = 395
11.9.3 Tert-butanol = 386
11.9.4 Maleic anhydride (cis-butanedioic anhydride) = 386
11.9.5 Chloroprene (2-chlorobuta-1, 3-diene) = 386
11.9.6 Methaerylates (2-methylpropenoates) = 386
11.9.7 Butyraldehydes (butanals) and primary butanols = 387
11.9.8 C₄diols and related products = 387
11.10 $$C_5$$ aliphatics = 388
11.10.1 Isoprene (2-methylbuta-1, 3-diene) = 388
11.10.2 Plasticizer alcohols = 388
11.10.3 Detergent intermediates = 389
11.11 Aromatics = 390
11.11.1 Hydrocarbons = 390
11.11.2 Phenol = 391
11.11.3 Benzyls = 392
11.11.4 Nitro-compounds and amines = 392
11.11.5 Phthalic (benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylic) anhydride = 393
11.11.6 Terephthalic (benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic) acid = 393
11.12 Nylon intermediates = 394
11.13 The future = 396
11.13.1 The products = 396
11.13.2 Future raw materials and production routes = 398
References = 400
Bibliography = 400
Periodical special issues and supplements = 401
Index = 403

서점명	서명	판매현황	종이책			전자책 구매링크
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	An Introduction to Industrial Chemistry	판매중	96,230원	96,230원 (0%)	2,890포인트 (3%)

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