양극산화와 전석회화 처리로 개질한 저탄성계수 Ti - Nb - X (X = Zr, Mo) 합금의 생체활성도

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was performed to investigate bioactivity of precalcified nanotubular TiO2 layer on Ti-Nb-X (X = Zr, Mo) alloy system with low elastic modulus. Two kinds of Ti alloy containing Ti-29Nb-4Mo-0.6Zr and Ti-32Nb-5Zr were melted by using a vacuum furnace and sample ingots were cut with 20×10×1 mm in dimensions. Specimens were polished sequentially from #220 to #1000 SiC paper, ultrasonically washed with acetone, alcohol, and then rinsed with deionized water, and dried in an oven at 50℃ for 24 hours. The electrolyte solution for anodic oxidation was consisted of a glycerol solution containing 1 wt% NH<SUB>4</SUB>F and 20 wt% deionized water. Pulse signals with a potential of 20 V and current density of 20 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> were applied for 60 minutes. Anodized specimens were precalcified by soaking in NaH<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> solution at 80℃ for 30 minutes followed by soaking in saturated Ca(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> solution at 100℃ for 30 minutes and heat-treated at 500℃ for 2 hours. The shapes of nanotubes on Ti-32Nb-5Zr alloy were 71.2±5.0 nm　in diameters and 1299.2±72.2 nm in length in glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1 wt% NH4F at 20 V, which was shorter by half in diameter and two times longer in length than pure titanium. The bioactivity of nanotubular TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer on Ti-32Nb-5Zr alloy was improved with precalcification treatment in 0.5 M NaH<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> at 80℃ and saturated Ca(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> solution at 100℃. The precalcification effect of pure titanium was higher than that of Ti-32Nb-5Zr alloy. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell adhesion on precalcified nanotubular TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface showed a pronounced protrusion of filopodia and a higher degree of contact with nanotubular surface. Round highly differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells were seen on precalcified Ti-32Nb-5Zr alloy compared to pure titanium.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 원대희, "치과용 저탄성계수 티타늄 합금의 설계 및 기계적 성질 평가" 대한치과기재학회 36 (36): 199-206, 2009

2 Iijima D, "Wear properties of Ti and Ti-6Al-7Nb castings for dental prostheses" 24 : 1519-1524, 2003

3 Schwartz Z, "Underlying mechanism at the bone-surface interface during regeneration" 32 : 166-171, 1997

4 Kunze J, "Time-dependent growth of biomimetric apatite on anodic TiO2 nanotubes" 53 : 6995-7003, 2008

5 Macak JM, "TiO2 nanotubes: Self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications" 11 : 3-18, 2007

6 문영윤, "Ti-6Al-4V 합금 표면의 양극산화 TiO2 나노튜브의 특성" 대한치과기재학회 35 (35): 339-348, 2008

7 Wang BC, "The shear strength and failure mode of plasmasprayed hydroxyapatite coating to bone: the effects of coating thickness" 27 : 1315-1327, 1993

8 Wennerberg, "The importance of surface roughness for implant incorporation" 38 : 657-662, 1998

9 Hirata T, "Studies on polishing of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy with five dental abrasives" 28 : 773-777, 2001

10 Hanawa T, "Structure of surface-modified layers of calciumion- implanted Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-56Ni" 36 : 438-444, 1995

11 Beranek R, "Selforganized porous titanium oxide prepared in H2SO4/HF electrolyte" 6 : B12-B14, 2003

12 Elias CN, "Relationship between surface properties (roughness, wettability and morphology) of titanium and dental implant removal torque" 1 : 234-242, 2008

13 Warchomicka F, "Quantitive analysis of the microstructure of near β titanium alloy during compression tests" 177 : 473-477, 2006

14 Yang B, "Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment" 25 : 1003-1010, 2004

15 Hanawa T, "Microdissolution of calcium ions from calcium-ion-implanted titanium" 38 : 1579-1594, 1996

16 Boyer R, "Materials properties of handbook, Titanium alloy" SM International 1994

17 Karlsson M, "Initial in vitro interaction of osteoblasts with nano-porous alumina" 24 : 3039-, 2003

18 Valota A, "Influence of water content on nanotubular anodic titania formed in fluoride/glycerol electrolytes" 54 : 4321-4327, 2009

19 Webster TJ, "Increased osteoblast adhesion on nanophase metals: Ti, Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo" 25 : 4731-4739, 2004

20 Khan MA, "In-vitro corrosion and wear of titanium alloys in the biological environment" 17 : 2117-2126, 1996

21 Fini M, "In vitro and in vivo behavior of Caand P-enriched anodized titanium" 20 : 1587-1594, 1999

22 Vrouwenvelder WCA, "Histological and biochemical evaluation of osteoblasts cultured on bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, titanium alloy, and stainless steel" 27 : 465-474, 1993

23 Sieber I, "Formation of self-organized niobium porous oxide on niobium" 7 : 97-100, 2005

24 Wen HB, "Fast precipitation of calcium phosphate layers on titanium induced by simple chemical treatments" 18 : 1471-1478, 1997

25 Tsuchiya H, "Fabrication and characterization of smooth high aspect ratio zirconia nanotubes" 410 : 188-191, 2005

26 Ma Q, "Enhancement of the bioactivity of titanium oxide nanotubes by precalcification" 62 : 3035-3038, 2008

27 Webster TJ, "Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics" 21 : 1803-1810, 2000

28 Cai Z, "Electrochemical characterization of cast titanium alloys" 24 : 213-218, 2003

29 Flemming RG, "Effects of synthetic microand nano-structured surfaces on cell behavior" 20 : 573-588, 1999

30 Raja KS, "Effect of water of ethylene glycol as electrolyte for synthesis of ordered titania nanotubes" 9 : 1069-1076, 2007

31 Deligianni DD, "Effect of surface roughness of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al- 4V on human bone marrow cell response and on protein adsorption" 22 : 1241-1251, 2001

32 Kuroda D, "Design and mechanical properties of new β-type titanium alloys for implant materials" A243 : 244-249, 2001

33 Kawazoe T, "Clinical Application of titanium crowns" 30 : 317-328, 1989

34 Hanawa T, "Characterization of surface film formed on titanium in electrolyte using XPS" 55 : 269-276, 1992

35 Feng B, "Carbonate apatite coating on titanium induced rapidly by precalcification" 23 : 173-179, 2002

36 Eisenbarth E, "Biocompatibility of β-stabilizing elements of titanium alloys" 25 : 5705-5713, 2004

37 Kodama A, "Bioactivation of titanium surfaces using of TiO2 nanotubes rapidly pre-loaded with synthetic hydroxyapatite" 5 : 2322-2330, 2009

38 Kuroiwa A, "Application of pure titanium to metal framework" 42 : 547-558, 1998

39 Yao C, "Anodized Ti and Ti6Al4V possessing nanometer surface features osteoblast adhesion" 1 : 68-73, 2005

40 Macak JM, "Anodic growth of self-organized anodic TiO2 nanotubes in viscous electrolytes" 52 : 1258-1264, 2006