환경 분쟁에 있어서 시민저항운동: Stuttgart21(1994~2011)분쟁을 중심으로 = Subject: Civil Resistance Movement in Environmental Dispute

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Civil resistance movement is resistance of citizen to politics, which causes collective opposition of people with certain level of income and much education in the area related to social areas or health.
Stuttgart 21 of Germany is the extra-large project that aims to renovate the Stuttgart central station from the terminal on the ground to the underground intermediate station, connecting new lines. While it had received lots of public criticism due to lack of democratic legitimacy, lack of civil participation, lack of safety, difficulty of access by tourists, high cost, lack of economic efficiency, risk of mineral water production, insufficient capacity of new central station, risk of souvenir protection and insufficient plan, Stuttgart city and state governments had pushed forward this project, bringing collective opposition from citizens.
Protestors are mainly ordinary citizens. While the poor or the workers reveal their interest through labor union or politicians, citizens organize their own demonstration financially or mentally, often expressed as angry bourgeois (Wutbürger). They do not represent the argument of nor are organized by the left wing, but carry through their opinions through democratic organization and demonstration. Citizens had expressed their opposition to this project through demand, petition, information stand, demonstration (demonstration held on every Monday) as well as non-violent demonstration. In particular, Monday demonstration was promoted by political organization and 4 independent persons, and such type of demonstration secured enormous foundation through participation of citizens just in several months. 62% of protesters were in the age of 40 to 64, 50% of all protesters were university graduates. 30% were the persons who had worked in public areas with Masters qualification. In terms of political spectrum of protesters, 77% were centrists. Long-lasting demonstration against the Stuttgart 21 project finally resulted in full-scale replanning of Stuttgart21 project.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 임재형, "한국사회 환경갈등의 발생원인과 특징에 관한 연구" 분쟁해결연구센터 14 (14): 109-136, 2016

2 Winfried Wolf, "“Stuttgart 21” – Hauptbahnhof im Untergrund?" Neuer ISP Verlag 1995

3 Brettschneider, F, "Umfrage über S21" Uni. Hohenheim 2010

4 Frank Brettschneider, "Stuttgart 21–Ein Großprojekt zwischen Protest und Akzeptanz" Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013

5 Baden-wuerttemberg, "Stuttgart 21 –ein geplanter Kapazitätsrückbau?"

6 Volker Lösch, "Stuttgart 21 - Oder: Wem gehört die Stadt" PapyRossa Verlag 2011

7 Scharf, F., "Staat und Demokratie in Europa" 1992

8 Geißler. H., "Schlichtung Stuttgart 21 PLUS"

9 Heiner Geißler, "Schlichtung Stuttgart" 21 : 2010

10 Scharpf, W, "Politik der Globalisierung" Main 1998

11 Göttinger Institut für Demokratieforschung, "Neue Dimension des Protests?" Uni Göttingen 2012

12 Dally. A, "Mediation" 73 : 93-, 1993

13 Zillessen, H., "Kooperatives Konfliktmanagement in der Umweltpolitik" Opladen 1998

14 Kostas, K., "Karikaturen zum Bahnhofsprojekt Stuttgart 21" Stuttgart 2016

15 Geis. A, "HSFK-Report, Hessische stiftimg Friedens und Konfliktforschung" Main 2003

16 Escobar, O, "Forms of Mini-publics"

17 Na Sungrin, "Environmental Dispute and Resolution" 6 (6): 243-269, 1997

18 Roland Ostertag, "Die entzauberte Stadt. Plädoyer gegen die Selbstzerstörung; Stuttgart 21 – Das Milliardengrab" Peter-Grohmann-Verlag 2008

19 Schlager. A., "Die Proteste gegen “stuttgart 21” Sozial" 4 : 2010

20 Annette Ohme-Reinicke, "Die Protestbewegung gegen “Stuttgart 21”: Aufbruch zu neuem bürgerlichen Selbstbewusstsein?" Schmetterling Verlag 2012

21 Schweigert. Carla, "Die Protestbewegung gegen Stuttgart 21 - Eine qualitative Analyse der Mobilisierungsmechanismen und Framingstrukturen-"

22 Guenther, K, "Die Oeffentlichkeit der Vernunft und die Vernunft der Oeffentlichkeit" Main 2001

23 Wolfgang Schorlau, "Die Argumente" Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2010

24 Dahl, Robert Alan, "Democracy and its critics Democracy and its critics" Yale Press 1989

25 Oh, Hyun-Chul, "Deliberative Democracy and British Columbia Citizens’ Assembly"

26 Grant, J., "Community, Democracy, and the Environment" Rowman & Littlefield Pub 2003

27 Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung, "Befragung von Demonstranten gegen Stuttgart 21 am 18.10.2010" Kurzbericht

28 Sabatier, Paul A, "Advocacy-Koalitionen, Policy-Wandel und Policy-Lernen: Eine Alternative zur Phasenheuristik" Opladen 2010