대두와 약콩의 Acetylcholinesterase 활성 억제효과와 항산화 효과 = Acetycholinesterase Inhibiting Effect and Free Radical Scavenging Effect of Soybean(Glycine max) and Yak-Kong(Rhynchosia nolubilis)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 이미 항산화 효과로 알려져 있는 대두와 약성이 탁월한 약콩에서 AChE 활성 억제효과와 Free radical scavenger 효과를 노화로 인한 질병 예방효과에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다.
1. 대두 열탕 추출물의 경우 저농도인 1, 0.1 ㎎/mL에서는 AChE의 활성 억제 효과가 메탄올 추출물보다 높았다.(p＜0.001)
2. 대두, 약콩 메탄올 추출물에서는 고농도인 5 ㎎/mL에서 각 시료의 효과가 62.0±
2.43%, 65.0±3.29%로 비슷했으나 저농도인 0.1 ㎎/mL에서는 약콩의 경우 25.5±0.94%로 약콩이 대두에 비해 유의적인 AChE 억제효과를 나타냈다.(p＜0.001)
3. 시간에 따른 Free radical scavenger 효과는 비타민 C의 경우 시간에 따라 비슷한 효과를 보였으나 대두와 약콩은 incubating 시간에 따라 free radical 억제효과가 증가해 높은 항산화효과를 볼 수 있었다.
4. 대두, 약콩 메탄올 추출물에서는 약콩이 고농도인 5㎎/mL에서 약 4배 정도의 효과를 보였으며 Free radical scavenger의 50% 효과를 나타내는 IC50에서는 약 10배
정도로 높은 Free radical scavenger 효과를 나타내 약콩이 대두에 비해 유의적으로 높은 효과를 나타내었다.
결론적으로, 대두와 약콩의 추출물은 AChE 활성억제효과에 있어서 좋은 효과를 나타내며 또한 노화의 원인과 질병의 원인이 되는 free radical을 억제하는 효과를 가지고 있어 노인성 치매를 비롯하여 파킨슨씨병, 뇌허혈 및 뇌졸중과 같은 각종 노인성 질환예방에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine(ACh) is responsible for the initiation of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, there is a simple evidence that oxidative stress significantly increases in persons with Parkinson's disease compared to age-matched healthy persons. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the neurodegeneration inhibitory effect of soybean(Glycine Max) and Yak-Kong(Rhynchosia Nolubilis) by measuring the degree of inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catabolizing the ACh and the free radical scavenger effect in vitro. AChE was measured by the minor modified Ellman assay. Free radical scavenging activity was measured using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). First, the MeOH extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong showed the AChE inhibiting activity of 62.0±2.43% and 65.0±3.29% at the 5 ㎎／mL concentration. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC_(50)) of AChE was 1.96 and 1.31 ㎎／mL in the MeOH extracts of soybean and Yak-Kong. Second, the MeOH extracts of soybean and Yak-Kong showed the free radical scavenger activity of 23.1±4.26% and 80.7±4.61% at the 5 ㎎／mL IC50 of free radical scavenger activity in Soybean and Yak-Kong was 13.00 and 1.41 ㎎／mL in MeOH extracts and was 5.95 and 2.74 ㎎／mL in hot-water extracts, respectively. In this study, the extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong showed powerful effects in the AChE inhibition and free radical scavenging. The extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong were expected to prevent the many neurodegenerative diseases.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "What's new in Alzheimer's disease treatment? Reasons for optimism about future pharmacologic options" 105 : 109-118, 1999

2 "Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays" 133 : 2812-2819, 2003

3 "The effects of high fat diet and dietary fiber on lipid metabolism in rats. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 23" 541-547, 1994

4 "Soybean isoflavones improve cardiovascular risk factors without affecting the reproductive system of peripubertal rhesus monkeys" 126 : 43-50, 1996

5 "Safety of soy-derived phosphatidylserine in elderly people" 5 : 337-343, 2002

6 "Relationships between dietary intake and cognitive function level in Korean elderly people" Public Health 115 : 133-138, 2001

7 "Relationships among age, exercise, health, and cognitive function in a British sample" 35 : 378-385, 1995

8 "Protective effects od isoflavone on some biochemical parameters affected by cypermethrin in mal rabbits" 38 : 365-378, 2003

9 "Prevalence of severe dementia in Finland. Neurology 35" 1025-1029, 1985

10 "Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in sex and education. Neurology 41" 19911886-1892.

11 "Physiological function of isoflavones and their genetic and environmental variation in soybean" 41 : 25-45, 1996

12 "Office of Technology Assessment" -323, 1987

13 "Nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a normally aging sample: a 6-y reassessment" 65 : 20-29, 1997

14 "Nutritional factors in physical and cognitive functions of elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 55" 1237-1243, 1992

15 "Modern application for ancient bean soybeans and the prevention and treatment of chronic disease" 125 : 567-570, 1995

16 "Maturational differences inchlorphyrifos-oxonase activity may contribute to age-related sensitivity to chlorpyrifos" 11 : 279-287, 1996

17 "Korea Health and Welfare Office" 2000

18 "Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women; the SOy and Postmenopausal Health In Aging study" 10 : 196-202, 2003

19 "Inhibition of tumor promotor-induced hydrogen peroxide formation in vitro and in vivo by genistein. Nutrition and Cancer 20" 1-8, 1993

20 "Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 271" 1004-1010, 1994

21 "High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of isoflavones in soybean foods" 32 : 25-30, 2000

22 "High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of isoflavones in soybean and blackbean" 8 : 44-48, 2001

23 "Health potential of soy isoflavones for menopausal women" 2 : 489-504, 1999

24 "Health function of soybean foods in proceeding of IUFOST '96 reginal symposium on non-nutrition" Health for Future Foods 1996

25 "Free radicals in Parkinson's disease" 249 : 1101-1105, 2002

26 "Excitatory amino acid release and free radical formation may cooperate in the genesis of ischemia-induced neuronal damage. J Neurosci 10" 1035-1041, 1990

27 "Effects of soybean ethanol extract on the cell survival and oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells" 17 : 627-632, 2003

28 "Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and vitamin C on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and neurotransmitter levels in rats treated with scopolamine, an inducer of dementia" 247 : 323-328, 2001

29 "Effect of short-term phenanthene stress on SOD activities and MDA contents in soybean seedlings" Glycine max 14 : 581-584, 2003

30 "Effect of black bean and sam-ryung-bak- chul-san on ovariectomy-induced postmenopausal osteoporotic rats" Kyung Hee University 1998

31 "Eating soya improves human memory" 157 : 430-436, 2001

32 "Dietary antioxidants and cognitive function in a population-based sample of older persons-the Rotterdam Study" 144 : 275-280, 1996

33 "Daily Economics" -25, 2001

34 "Cholinesterase inhibitors proposed for treating dementia in Alzheimer's disease: selectivity toward human brain acetylcholinesterase compared with butyrylcholinesterase" 274 : 767-770, 1995

35 "Brain aging and midlife tofu consumption" 19 : 242-255, 2000

36 "Associations between Environmental Factors and Depression in Korean Elderly People" 6 : 51-56, 1999

37 "A new and rapid colorimetic determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 7" 75-88, 1961

38 "A black seed coat soybean variety with small seed and lodging resistant Tawonkong" 40 : 102-106, 1996