In this study, titanium suboxide (TiOx) was synthesized using a low-temperature sol- gel process and employed as a component of interconnecting layer in two-terminal perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. In the tandem configuration, the perovskite fr...
In this study, titanium suboxide (TiOx) was synthesized using a low-temperature sol- gel process and employed as a component of interconnecting layer in two-terminal perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. In the tandem configuration, the perovskite front cell absorbs photons in the UV-visible region, while the organic rear cell complements the absorption by harvesting near-infrared photons. However, current matching between the sub-cells and optical and electrical losses originating from the interconnecting layer and intermediate electrodes critically limit the tandem device performance, which necessitates systematic optimization of each component. First, the TiOx applied as the cathode interfacial layer in the perovskite front cell was optimized. The sol-gel derived TiOx combined with a surface passivation process using PEAI (Phenethylammonium iodide) effectively suppressed interfacial defects and non-radiative recombination, enabling a front-cell efficiency of 14.6%. Subsequently, the evaporation conditions of MoO3, employed as the hole transport layer in the organic rear cell were optimized. Optimized condition improved charge extraction, resulting in a rear cell of 13.3%. The transmittance and series resistance of the TiOx/Ag/MoO3 interconnection junction were then evaluated, confirming that the optimized interconnecting layer facilitated stable and efficient charge recombination between the sub-cells. As a result, a 2-terminal perovskite/organic tandem device achieving a high open-circuit voltage of 1.96 V and a power conversion efficiency of 17.5%. These results demonstrate that the first application of low-temperature sol-gel derived TiOx exhibits high optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and chemical barrier to function a component of the interconnecting layer in perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. Replacement of thermal evaporation and atomic layer deposition by spin-coating, highlighting its potential for further photovoltaic applications.