미국 전자증거개시절차상 전자정보의 ‘점유, 보관 또는 관리’에 관한 연구 = A study on the “possession, custody, or control” of the E.S.I. on the U.S. E-discovery

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

According to the federal rules of civil procedure, the production of documents, electronically stored information, or tangible things in the responding party's ‘possession, custody, or control’ may be required. And the ‘possession, custody, or control’of the responding party is important because it affects the scope of the duty of preservation and can lead to sanctions against the failure of the duty of preservation or spoliation. The F.R.C.P. does not define the meaning of ‘possession, custody, or control’, which is left to the interpretation of the court. In the case of the electronically stored information, however, there is a controversy about the interpretation of whether it is ‘possession, custody, or control’due to various characteristics such as massive volume, volatility, and expertise. Furthermore, the emergence of social media, cloud computing, and mobile devices has mixed features such as sharing, presence of service providers, and privacy, making interpretation of the meaning of ‘possession, custody, or control’ more complicated. As a result, the judgment of the court has become inconsistent, and the parties are often conscious of the possibility that they may be subject to sanctions for violation of the duty of preservation or for the spoliation, so that ‘possession, custody, or control’ is frequently disputed. And the Sedona Conference has published Sedona Principles on Rule 34 and Rule 45 ‘possession, custody, or control’.
We are also undergoing a change due to the digital revolution and these changes will be reflected in the evidence collection and production reality. It is also worthwhile to review the US cases and the Sedona principles for the ‘possession, custody, or control’ of electronically stored information, since it is discussing the introduction of the civil discovery in Korea. This article summarized and reviewed the following contents. First, the ground rules for ‘possession, custody, or control’, the judging criteria of the courts, and the problems according to the characteristics of electronically stored information are summarized. Second, the judgments of the courts on some types of electronically stored information controversial about ‘possession, custody, or control’ was reviewed. Third, the Sedona Principles on Rule 34 and Rule 45 ‘possession, custody, or control’ were introduced and reviewed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 송종준, "이사의 경영책임에 대한 경영판단원칙의 적용상 과제 － 미국 판례법과의 비교검토를 중심으로 －" 한국경영법률학회 27 (27): 91-129, 2017

2 김도훈, "업무상 개인 모바일 기기 활용에 따른 미국 전자증거개시절차상 쟁점에 관한 소고" 과학기술법연구원 23 (23): 3-40, 2017

3 김도훈, "소셜 미디어에 대한 전자증거개시에 관한 고찰" 과학기술법연구원 20 (20): 43-84, 2014

4 김도훈, "미연방민사소송규칙 제37조(e) 개정안에 관한 소고" 법학연구소 32 (32): 47-76, 2015

5 김도훈, "미연방민사소송규칙 개정안에 관한 소고" 법학연구소 35 (35): 519-545, 2015

6 김도훈, "證據開示節次上 일시적 데이터의 取扱에 관한 小考 - 일시적 데이터의 보존의무를 중심으로 -" 법학연구원 18 (18): 49-75, 2008

7 Christopher E. Prker, "“Tweet” me your status: Social media in discovery and at trial" 59 : 34-, 2012

8 Danielle Richter, "“Bring Your Own Device”Programs: Employers control over employee devices in the mobile e-discovery age" 82 : 443-, 2015

9 Carole Basri, "§22:19. BYOD and mobile devices, eDiscovery for Corporate Counsel §22:19"

10 Robert M. Abrahams, "§ 27:5. CPLR 3120: Document discovery from a party and a nonparty—ossession, custody or control requirement, 3 N.Y.Prac., Com. Litig. in New York State Courts § 27:5"

11 "https://www.facebook.com/legal/terms"

12 "https://www.facebook.com/about/privacy/your-info"

13 "https://thesedonaconference.org/publications"

14 "http://www.wassom.com/wp-content/uploads/2013-DNJ-Gatto-spoliati on.pdf"

15 Erik Hammerquist, "Vendor Voice: BYOD is the No. 1 E-Discovery Challenge for 2014"

16 Jonathan M. Redgrave, "Understanding and contextualizing precedents in E-discovery:The illusion of stare decisis and best practices to avoid reliance on outdated guidance" 20 : 8-, 2014

17 Laura Hunt, "Trending: Proportionality in electronic discovery in common law countries and the united states’federal and state courts" 43 : 279-, 2014

18 Henry J. Kelston, "The next phase in the evolution of cooperation" 37 : 577-, 2014

19 Michael Arnold, "The big data collection problem of little mobile devices" 21 : 10-, 2015

20 "The Sedona Conference, The Sedona Conference Commentary on Rule 34 and Rule 45 “Possession, Custody, or Control”, The Sedona Conference(April, 2015)"

21 "The Sedona Conference, The Sedona Conference Commentary on Rule 34 and Rule 45 “Possession, Custody, or Control”, 17Sedona Conf. J. 467(2016)"

22 Peter Mell, "The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing" 2011

23 Shira A. Scheindlin, "Special Masters and E-Discovery: The Intersection of Two Recent Revisions to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure" 30 : 347-, 2008

24 Agnieszka A. McPeak, "Social media, smartphones, and proportional privacy in civil discovery" 64 : 235-, 2015

25 Benita P. Collier, "Privacy on the Internet: What is Reasonable in a Wired World?" 53 : 17-, 2007

26 Working Group on Electronic Document Retention & Production, "Primer on Social Media" 2012

27 Maggie Anthoney, "New technologies test the limits of the duty to preserve, collect and produce information in civil discovery" 33 (33): 66-, 2015

28 Don Zupanec, "Litigation Hold - Scope - "Possession, Custody, or Control”" 27 (27): 12-, 2012

29 "Lawyers for Civil Justice and The U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform, Comment to the The Sedona Conference on Commentary on Rule 34 and Rule 45 "Possession, Custody, or Control”, Lawyers for Civil Justice(June 15, 2015)"

30 Thomas A. Cooper, "Jurisdictional, procedural, and economic considerations for non-party electronic discover" 59 : 1339-, 2010

31 Matthew Blake, "Head In The Cloud: EDiscovery And Cloud Computing" 54 : 28-, 2012

32 Evan E. North, "Facebook Isn’t Your Space Anymore: Discovery of Social Networking Websites" 58 : 1279-, 2010

33 Shira A. Scheindlin, "ELECTRONIC DISCOVERY AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE CASE AND MATERIALS" WEST 2012

34 Clayton L. Barker, "Discovery of electronically stored information" 64 : 12-, 2008

35 Kristen L. Mix, "Discovery of Social Media" 40 : 27-, 2011

36 Andrew M. Hinkes, "Cloud Computing: New Discovery Challenges Await" 58 : 48-, 2011