Evaluation of ASCE 61-14 NSPs for the estimation of seismic demands in marginal wharves

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Standard ASCE 61-14 proposes the Substitute Structure Method (SSM) as a Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) to estimate nonlinear displacement demands at the center of mass of piers or wharves under seismic actions. To account for bidirectional earthquake excitation according to the Standard, results from independent pushover analyses in each orthogonal direction should be combined using either a 100/30 directional approach or a procedure referred to as the Dynamic Magnification Factor, DMF. The main purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of these NSPs in relation to four wharf model structures on soil conditions ranging from soft to medium dense clay. Results from nonlinear static analyses were compared against benchmark values of relevant Engineering Design Parameters, EDPs. The latter are defined as the geometric mean demands that are obtained from nonlinear dynamic analyses using a set of 30 two-component ground motion records. It was found that SSM provides close estimates of the benchmark displacement demands at the center of mass of the wharf structures. Furthermore, for the most critical pile connection at a landside corner of the wharf the 100/30 and DMF approaches produced displacement, curvature, and force demands that were reasonably comparable to corresponding benchmark values.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Shafieezadeh, A., "Three-dimensional wharf response to far-field and impulsive near-field ground motions in liquefiable soils" 139 (139): 1395-1407, 2013

2 Reyes, J. C., "Three-dimensional modal pushover analysis of buildings subjected to two components of ground motion, including its evaluation for tall buildings" 40 (40): 789-806, 2011

3 POLA, "The Port of Los Angeles Code for Seismic Design, Upgrade, and Repair of Container Wharves"

4 Eberhard, M., "The Mw 7.0 Haiti earthquake of Jauary 12, 2010" USGS/EERI Advance Reconnaissance Team 2010

5 Shibata, A., "Substitute-structure method for seismic design in R/C" 102 (102): 1-18, 1976

6 Baker, J. W., "Spectral shape, epsilon, and record selection" 35 (35): 1077-1095, 2006

7 Varun, V., "Soil-pile-structure interaction simulations in liquefiable soils via dynamic macroelements : Formulation and validation" 47 : 92-107, 2013

8 Benzoni, G., "Seismic response of linked marginal wharf segments" 7 (7): 513-539, 2003

9 Shafieezadeh, A., "Seismic performance of pile-supported wharf structures considering soil-structure interaction in liquefied soil" 28 (28): 729-757, 2012

10 Ragued, B., "Seismic Response of A Typical New Zealand Pile-Supported Wharf Configuration" 2014

11 Shafieezadeh, A., "Scenario-based resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure systems : Case study for seismic resilience of seaports" 132 : 207-219, 2014

12 Kalkan, E., "Practical Guidelines to Select and Scale Earthquake Records for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Structures" USGS 2010

13 Computers and Structures Inc, "PERFORM 3D, User Guide v4, Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures"

14 DesRoches, R., "Overview of the 2010 Haiti earthquake" 27 (27): S1-S21, 2011

15 El-Tawil, S., "Nonlinear analysis of mixed steel-concrete frames. II: Implementation and verification" 127 (127): 656-665, 2001

16 El-Tawil, S., "Nonlinear analysis of mixed steel-concrete frames. I: Element formulation" 127 (127): 647-655, 2001

17 Chore, H. S., "Non-linear analysis of pile groups subjected to lateral loads using ‘p-y’ curve" 5 (5): 57-73, 2012

18 Reyes, J. C., "Modal pushover-based scaling of two components of ground motion records for nonlinear RHA of buildings" 28 (28): 1243-1267, 2012

19 Reyes, J. C., "Modal pushover-based scaling of earthquake records for nonlinear analysis of single-story unsymmetric-plan buildings" 43 (43): 1005-1021, 2013

20 Landers, P., "Kobe Disaster Offers Clues on Rebuilding"

21 Zareian, F., "Industrial facilites affected by the 2010 Chile offshore Bio-Bio earthquake" 28 (28): S513-S532, 2012

22 Green, R. A., "Geotechnical aspects of failures at Port-au-Prince seaport during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake" 27 (27): S43-S65, 2011

23 Port of Seattle, "Foreign Waterborne Trade Report" 2013

24 Reyes, J. C., "Extending modal pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of multi-story unsymmetric-plan buildings" 88 (88): 125-137, 2015

25 Reyes, J. C., "Evaluation of three-dimensional modal pushover analysis for unsymmetric-plan buildings subjected to two components of ground motion" 40 (40): 1475-1494, 2011

26 Kalkan, E., "Evaluation of modal pushover-based scaling of one component of ground motion : Tall buildings" 28 (28): 1469-1493, 2012

27 Sandoval, J. D., "Evaluacion del proceso estatico no lineal del estándar ASCE 61-14 para estimar demandas sísmicas en muelles" Universidad de los Andes 2015

28 Rajib Saha, "Effect of raft and pile stiffness on seismic response of soil-piled raft-structure system" 국제구조공학회 55 (55): 161-189, 2015

29 Chopra, A. K., "Direct displacement-based design: Use of inelastic vs. elastic design spectra" 17 (17): 47-64, 2001

30 Burden, L. I., "Development of a risk framework for forecasting earthquake losses in port systems" 32 (32): 267-284, 2016

31 Matlock, H., "Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay" 1970

32 California Building Standards Commission, "California Building Code: California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2, Volume 1, Chapter 31F"

33 Reyes, J. C., "Assessment of spectrum matching procedure for nonlinear analysis of symmetric-and asymmetric-plan buildings" 72 (72): 171-181, 2014

34 Roth, W., "Analyzing the seismic performance of wharves, part 2: SSI analysis with nonlinear, effective-stress soil models" 2003

35 "ASCE/COPRI 61-14, Seismic Design of Piers and Wharves"

36 "ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete"