중세 시대 두 세계의 역사철학 : 요아킴 피오레와 이븐 할둔 = The Philosophy of History of Two Worlds in the Middle Ages: Joachim of Fiore & Ibn Khaldun

국문 초록 (Abstract)

요아킴 피오레와 이븐 할둔은 중세 시대 각각 기독교 문명권과 이슬람 문명 권에서 그들 자신의 독특한 역사철학을 전개한 대표적인 사상가들이다. 요아킴 이 요한계시록과 삼위일체설을 바탕으로 인류의 역사를, 성부와 성자와 성령의 세 단계를 거치며 궁극적으로는 종말, 구원, 계시를 향해가는 과정으로 봄으로 써 성서 또는 신학을 역사적으로 해석한 역사적 신학자였다면, 이븐 할둔은 반 대로 ‘집단연대의식(asabiyah)’이라는 핵심 개념으로써 인류 문명의 역사가 흥 망성쇠의 부침과 순환의 과정을 겪는다고 봄으로써 역사를 유기체적이고 문명 론적으로 해석한 사회과학적 역사가였다. 이 두 사람은 살았던 세계도 달랐고, 종교도 달랐으며, 직업도 달랐고, 무엇보다 사고방식이나 생활양식도 달랐지만, 역사를 보통의 일반인들과는 전혀 다르게 이해하고 해석하고자 했다는 점에서 서로 만나고 겹친다. 즉 엄청난 차이들을 소멸시키며 이 두 사람을 하나로 묶어 주었던 것은 바로 역사, 더 정확히 표현하면 역사철학이었다. 그래서 그들이 전 개했던 역사철학은 해당 분야에서 거의 인류 최초의 시도라고 해도 무방하다. ‘묵시록적 또는 종말론적 역사철학’과 ‘문화형태학적 또는 비교문명론적 역사철 학’이 그것이다. 이 두 사람은 이 두 경향의 역사철학의 원조(元祖)이자 원형(原 形)이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Joachim of Fiore and Ibn Khaldun were the leading thinkers who developed their own unique philosophy of history in medieval Christian and Islamic civilizations. Joachim was a historical theologian who interpreted the Bible or theology historically by viewing the history of mankind as a process of going through the stages of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit and ultimately toward the end, salvation, and revelation. On the contrary, Ibn Khaldun was a social-scientific historian who saw that the history of human civilization goes through the process of ups and downs and cycles, and interpreted history organically and civilizedly by using the concept of ‘collective solidarity’ (“asabiyah”). The two lived in different worlds, had different religions, different jobs, different ways of thinking and lifestyles, but they meet and overlap in that they wanted to understand and interpret history completely differently from ordinary people. In other words, it was history, or, more accurately, the philosophy of history, that brought these two together, extinguishing enormous differences. So it is safe to say that the philosophy of history they developed is almost the first of its kind in the field: ‘apocalyptical or eschatological philosophy of history’ and ‘cultural morphological or comparative civilizational philosophy of history.’ These two men were the origins and prototypes of the philosophy of history of these two trends.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 Ⅱ. ‘묵시록적 역사철학’의 창시자 요아킴 피오레 Ⅲ. ‘문화형태학적 역사철학’의 개척자 이븐 할둔 Ⅳ. 차이와 접점: 두 역사철학자의 비교 Ⅴ. 맺음말

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