Career competency is a concept that includes overall competencies such as knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for job preparation. It is a concept that combines the concept of job search for finding a job and the concept of competency required t...
Career competency is a concept that includes overall competencies such as knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for job preparation. It is a concept that combines the concept of job search for finding a job and the concept of competency required to perform a certain task. Today's companies use the so-called specifications as the basis for recruitment, and job seekers spend most of their school days preparing the necessary competencies for employment.
The hair beauty department of vocational high school also educates the basic practical knowledge and skills of the beauty job required in the field, and in addition to knowledge and skills, it is focusing on character education for attitude and adaptation required by the industry. However, many vocational high school cosmetologists still have difficulties finding employment, and schools play an important role in helping them find employment. In particular, when education in schools and the competencies required by industry are heterogeneous, time and cost of re-education are incurred even after hiring.
Therefore, based on these problems, this study compares and analyzes the career competency recognized by cosmetology students in vocational high school and the competency required by beauty-related industries to determine whether there is a significant difference. In addition, by analyzing the career competency required for successful employment, it is intended to provide basic data that can help in career guidance for cosmetology students in vocational high school.
In order to achieve the purpose of this study, data collection was conducted by distributing online and offline questionnaires for about one month from March 15, 2021 to April 15, 2021 by selecting students from the hair beauty department of vocational high school and hairdressing practitioners as research subjects. The data finally collected were 303 cosmetology students in vocational high school and 305 hair and beauty practitioners, which were used for the final analysis. Using the SPSS 21.0 program, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA, paired sample t-test, and IPA analysis were performed. The empirical analysis results are as follows.
First, as a result of analyzing the perception of career competency of cosmetology students in vocational high school, attitude was found to be the most important competency, and the importance of skill was analyzed as the relatively low competency. Also, according to the general characteristics, there was a difference in the importance of knowledge competency according to gender. In terms of achievement, attitude was the highest and skill was perceived the lowest. According to the general characteristics, there were differences in achievement according to gender, region, and grade. As a result of analyzing the difference between importance and achievement, the difference in foreign language ability was the highest and the difference in organizational commitment was the lowest.
Second, as a result of analyzing the perception of career capabilities of practitioners in the hair and beauty field, attitude was found to be the most important competency, and knowledge was analyzed as the relatively least important competency. According to the general characteristics, there was a difference in importance according to age, educational background, career, position, and type of hairdressing salon. In terms of achievement, adaptation was the highest and knowledge was perceived as the lowest. According to general characteristics, differences were recognized according to age, educational background, career, region, and type of hairdressing salon. As a result of analyzing the difference in importance and achievement, it was analyzed that the difference in foreign language ability was the highest and the difference in writing resume and self-introduction was the lowest.
Third, as a result of analyzing the difference in the perception of career competency between cosmetology students at vocational high schools and hair and beauty practitioners, vocational high school cosmetology students perceived the importance of knowledge relatively high and showed high achievement in attitude. It was found that the practitioners in the field of hair and beauty had relatively high achievement in skill.
Fourth, as a result of IPA analysis on the perception of career competencies of cosmetology students in vocational high scholl and hairdressing practitioners , in the case of vocational high school cosmetology students, the competencies that need to be maintained and strengthened are self-understanding ability, ability to understand the field of employment, general knowledge, positive work attitude, challenge spirit, work ethic, field job performance ability, teamwork, problem solving ability, self-management and development ability were shown. Organizational commitment was derived as a competency that showed high satisfaction compared to low importance. The items with low importance and satisfaction were analyzed as foreign language ability, decision-making ability, information search ability, human network usage ability, resume and self-introduction ability, global mind, and computer usage ability. Competencies that showed low achievement compared to high importance were analyzed as grades and certifications, and presentation ability during interviews.
In the case of hair and beauty practitioners, the competencies with high importance and achievement are self-understanding ability, employment field understanding ability, decision-making ability, interview ability, positive work attitude, challenging spirit, professional ethics, organizational commitment, and field job performance ability, teamwork, problem-solving ability, self-management and development ability. Competencies that showed high achievement compared to low importance were information search ability, resume and self-introduction ability. Competencies that showed low importance and achievement were credits and certificates, foreign language skills, general knowledge, human network utilization, global mind, and computer utilization. It was analyzed that there were no items with high importance but low achievement.
Based on the above results, it is necessary to determine the priorities of cosmetology students' career competency, and according to the priorities of competencies required in the current job, intensive employment education is conducted at vocational high schools to strengthen the cosmetology students' career ability, and based on this, it will be needed to guide them to help them find a job in the beauty field.