A Fast Method to Evaluate upper Region Strength Safety of Gravity Dam

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Strength safety problem of concrete gravity dam is a key issue in the dam design process. For purpose of realistic modeling ofconcrete dam, numerical method has achieved a dominant position. However, models need to be tested with filed experience toconvince that they are applicable, and accompanying sophisticated numerical model makes preliminary design and safety evaluationof concrete dam cumbersome and difficult. So we propose a concise method for strength safety evaluation of triangle dam. In the newmethod, we apply upper stream water pressure and dam self weight on the dam model, and use an analytic solution to obtain damstresses in the dam upper region (two thirds of the height of the dam superstructure). Then, we select Ottosen failure criteria todetermine critically stressed locations and safe locations in the dam upper region. We compared the analysis results by the newmethod with simulated results by Ansys, and there is only slight difference. At last, by the new method, we evaluate effect ofgeometry parameters on upper region strength safety of an ideal right triangle dam considering dam self-weight and full upstreamreservoir water pressure. Results indicate that when the dam wedge top corner angle increases, the upper region safety factor ofstrength is enhanced. The proposed fast method would indeed prove desirable and valuable because it is succinct and cost-effectivefor engineers to make preliminary design and strength safety evaluation of concrete dam. And the proposed fast method may also beused to check the analysis results by numerical simulation software.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Niu, W. J., "Three dimensional elasticity solutions for general triangular gravity dam under upper stream water pressure and self-weight load" Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering (CSRME) 2012

2 Timoshenko, S. P., "Theory of Elasticity : Third Edition" McGraw-Hill 1970

3 Terzaghi, Karl, "Theoretical Soil Mechanics" John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2001

4 Liu, J., "The use of visco-elastoplastic damage constitutive model to simulate nonlinear behavior of concrete" 24 (24): 411-428, 2011

5 Leskela, M. V., "The shear failure condition in hollow-core slab units loaded by vertical and transverse shear force components" 24 (24): 22-29, 1991

6 Gong, S. F., "Study on technique of grouted clamp for offshore platforms" Shanghai Jiao Tong University 19 (19): 32-37, 2001

7 Yang, Q., "Study on determination of dam stress based on h-version adaptive FEM" 36 (36): 321-327, 2005

8 Gu, C. S., "Study on coupling model of seepage-field and stress-field for rolled control concrete dam" Shanghai University 26 (26): 355-363, 2005

9 Menin, R. C. G., "Smeared crack models for reinforced concrete beams by finite element method" 2 (2): 166-182, 2009

10 Brand, B., "Selecting Analytic Tools for Concrete Dams to Address Key Events Along Potential Failure Mode Paths, FEMA P-1016" Federal Emergency Management Agency 2014

11 Hariri-Ardebili, M. A., "Seismic cracking and instability of concrete dams: Smeared crack approach" 52 (52): 45-60, 2015

12 Zhang, X. S., "Punching Shear Failure Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates using Simplified UST Failure Criterion" Griffith University 2002

13 Chen, W. F., "Plasticity in reinforced concrete" McGraw Hill 1982

14 Saouma, V., "Numerical Modeling of AAR" CRC Press 2014

15 Ottosen, N. S., "Nonlinear Finite Element analysis of concrete structures, Technical Report" Riso Natinal Labortory 1980

16 Yang, X. Q., "Modified ottosen failure strength criterion" Huazhong University of Science and Technology 22 (22): 91-94, 2005

17 Nie, J. G., "Mechanical behavior of composite joints for connecting existing concrete bridges and steel-concrete composite beams" 75 : 11-20, 2012

18 Herrador, M. F., "Mechanical behavior model for ASR-affected dam concrete under service load: Formulation and verification" 42 (42): 201-212, 2009

19 Golze, A. R., "Handbook of dam engineering" Van Nostrand Reinhold 1977

20 Pan, J. Z., "Gravity dam design" Hydraulic and electric power press 1987

21 Jiang, J. J., "Finite element analysis of concrete structures" Tsinghua Univ. Press 2005

22 Boberg, B., "FEM modeling of concrete gravity dams" Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) 2012

23 Tu, Z. G., "Evaluation of typical concrete material models used in hydrocodes for high dynamic response simulations" 36 (36): 132-146, 2009

24 Barros, M. H. F. M., "Elasto-plastic modelling of confined concrete elements following MC90 equations" 23 (23): 311-318, 2001

25 Xia, Z. G., "Elasticity Mechanics and Numerical Solutions" Tongji Univ. Press 1997

26 Niu, W. J., "Discussions of the correctness of the classical analytical solution to real concrete dams" 2 (2): 34-41, 2013

27 Li, Q. B., "Damage constitutive for high strength concrete in triaxial cyclic compression" 39 (39): 4013-4025, 2002

28 ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams), "Cross section of a gravity dam"

29 Irgens, F., "Continuum Mechanics" Springer 2008

30 Papanikolaou, V. K., "Confinement-sensitive plasticity constitutive model for concrete in triaxial compression" 44 (44): 7021-7048, 2007

31 Tianjin Univ., "Concrete structures" China Architecture & Building Press 1998

32 Niu, W. J., "Concrete gravity dam stress analysis and application of concrete strength theory" Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 4875-4877, 2011

33 China Architecture and Building Press, "Code for design of concrete structures (GB 50010-2010)"

34 Comite Euro-International du Beton, "CEB-FIP Model Code 1990"

35 Kupfer, H., "Behaviour of concrete under biaxial stresses" 66 (66): 656-666, 1969

36 He, B. G., "Application Examples in Civil Engineering with ANSYS" China Water Power Press 2011

37 Crandall, S., "An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids" McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math 1999

38 Ugural, A. C., "Advanced Mechanics of Materials and Applied Elasticity, 5th Edition" Prentice Hall 2011

39 Tedesco, J. W., "A strain-rate-dependent concrete material model for ADINA" 64 (64): 1053-1067, 1997

40 Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili, "A smeared crack model for seismic failure analysis of concrete gravity dams considering fracture energy effects" 국제구조공학회 48 (48): 17-39, 2013

41 Araujo, J. M., "A resistencia a compressao e criterios de ruptura para o concreto, Serie Estruturas de Concreto, No. 1" 2001

42 Fan, S. J., "A new extracting formula and a new distinguishing means on the one variable cubic equation" Hainan Teachers College 2 (2): 91-98, 1989

43 Contrafatto, L., "A framework of elastic-plastic damaging model for concrete under multiaxial stress states" 22 (22): 2272-2300, 2006

44 Ottosen, N. S., "A failure criterion for concrete" ASCE 103 (103): 527-535, 1977

45 Calayir, Y., "A continuum damage concrete model for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems" 25 (25): 857-869, 2005

46 Ortiz, M., "A constitutive theory for the inelastic behavior of concrete" 4 (4): 67-93, 1985

47 Resende, L., "A Damage mechanics constitutive theory for the inelastic behaviour of concrete" 60 (60): 57-93, 1987