頌歌에 나타난 元曉思想 = THE THOUGHT OF WONHYO AS PRESENTED IN THE GA￣THA￣S

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Wonhyo(617-686, C.E.) wrote many books and Ga­tha­s, and left various stories throughout his life. Therefore, we are able to do research on Wonhyo from various perspectives. Wonhyo was not a merely Buddhist scholar but hs was an ideal Bodhisattva of Korea who practiced Maha­ya­na path seriously for saving sentient beings through the popularization of Buddhism.
The present study attempts to analyze systematically on the thought of Wonhyo based on his Ga­tha­s which are transmitted in many forms separately. Even there are several modern researches on Wonhyo's Ga­tha­s, these works have emphasized only literary aspect of the Ga­tha­s. They remiss a philosophical dimension of the Gathas.
Wonhyo's Ga­tha­s are existing in several forms: (a) as containing in his writings, (b) as containing in other person's writings as quotations, (c) as containing in the popular songs and narrations found in the biography of Wonhyo.
The Ga­tha­s of Wonhyo can be classified into three types as follows: (a) the Ga­tha­s which present Wonhyo's main thought. (b) the Ga­tha­s which summarized Wonhyo's specific writings, (c) the Ga­tha­s which are written in order to enlighten people. but this paper will focuses on a philosophical aspect of the Ga­tha­s, not a typical studies. I analyze several portions of the Ga­tha­s, i.e., "Song of Parinama(Merit-transference)". "Song of Enlightenment", and "Song of Realization on Amita-nature" which are supposed to be in Wonhyo's lost writings or existent books.
In addition to the above Ga­tha­s. Wonhyo's other poems such as "Song of Realization of Original Nature". "Song of Non obstruction". "Invocation of Memorial Service". and "Dharma-Desana Ga­tha­s". are observed.
In the process of the present research, I have encountered difficulty of getting materials and the problem of authorship of the Ga­tha­s. But this paper, I believe, will show the possibility of discovering new dimension of Wonhyo' thought.
I argue that the main thought of Wonhyo presented in his Ga­tha­s is to practice the Way of Maha­ya­na Bodhisattva which was Wonhyo's ultimate concern and purpose. wonhyo's specific thoughts in hte Ga­tha­s are seen as follows:
(1) In "The song of Enlightenment". I find the Ta­tha­ga­tha­-Ga­rbha thought as Wonhyo's central philosophy.
(2) "The song of Merit-transference" presents Buddhist thought of Vow(pranidhana) in general.
(3) "The Songs Parinama" in the several writings of Wonhyo such as the 『Kumkangsamaekyungron』, the 『Pabiryangron』, and the 『Posalgyebonchibumyoki』which represent the Tripitaka respectably, i.e., su­tra, vinaya, and sa­stra, show Wonhyo's view of the Tripitaka. And they also present the propose and direction of the Boddhisativa's vows(paranidhana) of Maha­ya­na.
(4) "The song of Realization of Amita-nature" shows that Wonhyo's purpose of Bodhisattva path points out the Pure-Land in the West. Wonhyo's Methods of popularzation of Buddhism are based on this Pure Land Faith.
(5) "The Song of Non-obstruction" is said the finest Ga­tha­ of Wonhyo. It presents his will to teach and to enlighten people. Before writing this song. Wonhyo wrote the "Song of Broad-ax" in which he declares the practice of Maha­ya­na way of non-obstruction.
(6) However, so called the Declaration of Wonhyo Buddhism is found in the "song of Dharma-Desana" which was written after the 『Kunkangsamaekyungron』. At that time, as it is said no Buddhist raised questions about his position.
(7) There is a different textual view on the "Song of Realization of Original Nature". It is claimed that "the Song of Realization of Amita-nature" is the same Ga­tha­ as "the Song of Realization of Original nature". But I argue those two Ga­tha­s are formatted from different contexts and backgrounds. However, the two Ga­tha­s are both contained in the "Song of non-obstruction". This issue needs to be reexamined further.
In sum, an intention of all the Ga­tha­s of Wonhyo is to enlighten people and to practice Maha­ya­na Bodhisattva ideals. Also the Ga­tha­s show that Wonhyo was a true Bodhisattva who actually practiced Maha­ya­na way.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머 리 말
• Ⅱ. 選述書에 나타난 偈頌
• 1. 西谷沙彌偈
• 2. 悟道松
• 3. 廻向偈
• 4. 彌陀證性偈
• Ⅲ. 大衆敎化를 위한 頌歌
• 1. 沒柯斧歌
• 2. 無得歌
• 3. 臨尸祝文
• 4. 講說唱
• 5. 澄性歌
• Ⅳ. 맺 음 말
• ABSTRACT