환경범죄에 대한 새로운 형사제재로서 원상회복명령 = Restoration Order as New Criminal Sanction against the Environmental Crime

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is true that more than 95 percent of accused of environmental crimes are handled in summary proceedings and are sentenced to relatively modest amount of fines. For this reason, it is hard to earn trust of the general public in eradicating environmental crimes. However, it is also not appropriate to sentence those offenders to excessive punishment of restricting physical freedom for the purpose of gaining trust of people with respect to environmental crimes and criminal justice. In the long term, what might be more effective to prevent environmental crimes is either restoration order by the court under the condition of suspension of execution of sentence or cleaning-up order along with restoration and fines. Those measures would serve to main purpose of the environmental law to prevent such crimes in advance. In this regard, effort by offenders to clean up contaminated sites and restore them to the original state should be considered in sentencing. Responses to those crimes under criminal justice should be differentiated on severity of crimes. First, what would be considered as mitigating factors in sentencing includes restoration of the contaminated site voluntarily taken by the offender. If the offender does not make any effort to restore the site, the court may order him/her restoration along with fines. The court, at own its own discretion, would order restoration under the condition of granting the corporate defendant suspension of execution of sentence. In this case, legal grounds of restoration order might be provided either in criminal law or the environmental law.

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