미국의회 상원의 필리버스터 개혁에 관한 소고

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The US Congress has adopted a bicameral system in which the legislature comprises the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate and the House of Representatives has almost equivalent authority in the legislative power, but the Senate provides an advice and a consent on executive nominations and treaties which the House of Representatives does not have same authority. The US Senate has stronger authority compared to the Senates of the Parliament of the different countries. Standing rules of the Senate have different characteristics from the one of the House of Representatives. While a majority party in the House of Representatives can limit the time of discussion on the submit of amendments, the Senate has widely recognized rights of speech or modification from individual Members and a minority party.
It is possible to interfere with the Senate proceeding by speaking on any topic they choose by the way of filibuster as long as a senator or a series of senators wish. Filibuster can be stopped when three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn bring debate to a close by invoking cloture under Senate Rule XXII. Filibuster remained a solely theoretical option in the past, but it is frequently performed in the Senate because of the intensification of partisan opposition. Frequent filibuster resulted in legislative gridlock and delay at the bill deliberation in the Senate, so that many suggestions to reform filibuster are presented. Reforming filibuster might restrict the rights of the minority members and change the deliberations of the Senate to the one side of the House of Representatives. Therefore, reforming filibuster should be performed very carefully. Recent reforms of filibuster considered as historical precedents for the consent of appointment for Government officer of the United States, but it needs to be identified carefully about its effectiveness. Because past reforms of filibuster have rather increased the numbers of filibuster, it is likely to be counterproductive even this reform, and is pointed out that the check function to the President might be relatively reduced.
In the Republic of Korea, the National Assembly should carefully consider dialogue efforts in the US Senate to find a compromise or protect minority opinions to pursue utilitarian rather than extreme confrontation. In the ongoing effort to filibuster reforms in the US Senate, we should pay more attention to continually reform filibuster which considers coverage of limitation of filibuster, protection of minority opinion, and expedited procedures of the agenda, etc.

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