도시정부 주도형과 민간개발자 주도형의 고급화전략 비교연구 -글라스고우의 클라이드 수변지역 재생사업과 로테르담의 콥 반 주드 개발사업을 중심으로- = A Comparative study of Municipally-led and Developer-led Gentrification Strategy: Focusing on the Clyde Waterfront Regeneration Project in Glasgow and the Kop van Zuid Development Project in Rotterdam

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Socio-economic recession and decline in old industrial cities is a global trend that threatens sustainable urban growth and becomes a major task for city governments. Many cities in the world have carried out a large-scale urban development project in order to deal with such the socio-economic problems. Particularly cities in North America and Europe, it is now a common feature of urban development and growth strategy for transforming decrepit and ruined waterfront areas into gentrified urban landscape. This is usually implemented by gentrification strategy through large-scale physical development projects with the provision of high-end housing, commercial, business and leisure facilities, and cultural and art related amenities. The gentrification strategy through the large-scale urban physical development is an essential feature of entrepreneurial approaches which pursues the activation of private investments in order to be more competitive over rival cities and achieve urban growth through growth-oriented urban development. Public and private partnership is also an essential element in the gentrification strategy, but it becomes a part of governance strategy that divides into a municipally-led model controlled by public sector and a developer-led model controlled by private sector. However, more importantly, the different governance strategy, especially differences in principal agents, seems to lead to different outcomes substantially. The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative study on two typical cases of the gentrification strategy through large-scale urban development projects, such as the Clyde Waterfront Regeneration project in Glasgow and the Kop van Zuid Development project in Rotterdam, to analyse effects and limitations by evaluating the projects’vision, goal and principal agents, and also to draw on the implication from these projects.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

옛 산업도시의 사회경제적 침체와 쇠퇴는 세계적 경향으로 도시의 지속가능한 성장을 위협하는 주요인이 되고 있으며, 도시의 사회적 그리고 경제적 재도약은 도시정부가 풀어야할 핵심과제가 되고 있다. 세계 여러 도시에서는 도시의 사회경제적 침체와 쇠퇴에 대응하기 위해 대규모 도시개발사업을 추진하고 있다. 특히, 북미와 유럽의 여러 도시는 쇠퇴와 낙후로 방치된 도시 내 수변지역을 고급주택과 상업, 업무 및 레저시설, 문화/예술시설물 등을 집중시켜 고급화된 도시공간으로 전환시키는 대규모 도시개발의 고급화전략을 통해 도시의 성장과 발전을 추구하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 대규모 도시개발의 고급화전략은 도시기업가주의의 핵심적 도시정책방향으로 민간투자의 활성화를 통해 도시 간 경쟁에서 우위를 차지함으로서 도시성장을 도모하는 부의 창출과 성장에 중점을 둔 도시개발전략의 일환으로 주목받고 있다. 이러한 대규모 도시개발의 고급화전략은 전반적으로 민관협력을 중심으로 추진되지만, 공공부문의 주도로 추진되는 도시정부 주도형과 민간부문의 주도로 추진되는 민간개발자 주도형으로 구분된다. 하지만, 대규모 도시개발을 어떤 추진주체에 의해 주도되느냐에 따라 개발사업의 효과는 큰 차이를 보인다. 본 연구는 스코틀랜드 글라스고우의 클라이드 수변지역 재생사업과 네덜란드 로테르담의 콥 반 주드 개발사업을 비교하는 연구를 중심으로 대규모 도시개발사업의 추진주체에 따른 효과의 차이를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 따라서 두 도시의 수변지역 개발사업의 비전과 목표 그리고 추진주체에 따른 성과와 한계를 분석하고 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

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