16세기 양반사회의 “膳物經濟” = Gift Economy in Yangban's Society in 16C

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Relating to this academic conference, author tried to revealthe corruption situations in Chosun dynasty through Yangban(Aristocratic Class in Chosun Dynasty) official's way operating economy. From current view, there are many illegal, unreasonable aspects in Yangban officials' economic lives in 16C. Request for a official position through presenting gifts were common in their lives at that time. And taking advantage of their own position as governmental official, they cultivated some garrison farmor participated in the process of paying tribute to king(it was called as Bangnap in Korean). Although the latter has strong negative image, gift economy is understood as economy-operating way of premodern society.
Characteristics of economic system in premodern society lie in unstable and unclear ones. Modern national economy, finance has been developed toward clear distinction of public and private affairs, and in collection taxes, the only public collect secures legitimacy. Private collection or private spending taxes is the problem directly linking to bribe or embezzlement. National economy of premodern society, however is characterized that the distinction between public and private affairs is vague. Therefore, we are hard to absolutely think all considered not being public as corruptions.
So, we need to examine the operation process of financial source from local finance operating system in Chosun society. Chosun, of course, as rare case, had suggested the ideas to clarify the distinction of public and private affairs from its establishment. The nation founders terminated the hereditary estate law andeliminated the grant of individual's privilege receiving tax from cultivating farmers. They had ideological frame which nation collects all financial resources and appropriately distribute them to people, and we can find the course realizing the goal. But, the idea eventually failed to make format with its original meaning.The gift economy examined until now is commonly considered as private section. But it is the sign that public affairs and private ones were not divided in Chosun's national finance. Unique operation principle of gift economy needs to be understood in Chosun times. At that time, local finance was mainly based on non-regular finance section, and gift is directly related to this problem.
It can be said that Yangban(aristocratic) officials' behaviors presenting and receiving gifts in 16C was very universal economic system. The gift type by medium of official position has characteristics that local official unilaterally presents to Yangban officials and draws necessary financial resource out of the local office he governs. As nation takes some parts in gift presentation, gift can be said to be a part of national redistribution system. These Yangban(aristocratic) officials used gifts in exclusively enjoying them with their governmental authorities and in solidifying their unity. However, these behaviors of gift presentation eventually run out their lives along with the loss of an individual's influence. But the gift type presenting among relatives or friends still remain with us,
Then how this gift-presenting behavior was appeared in the latter term of Chosun dynasty? Author is continually interested in that part, but have not found any related data. Author think it is dangerous to hastily conclude some periodic changes through only a few cases. But I hope the appearance of important data equalable to 'Mookjae's Diary or 'Miam's Diary' in 16C.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 자료와 가계
• Ⅲ. 선물의 분류방식과 종류
• Ⅳ. 선물의 실태와 규모
• Ⅴ. 맺음말에 대신하여?선물의 사회경제적 성격