트랜스젠더 여성선수의 경기 출전자격에 대한 사회철학적 쟁점과 정책과제 = Transgender Women Athletes: Socio-Philosophical Issues and Eligibility Policies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The recent high-profile performances of transgender women athletes in the Olympics and in U.S. sports have reignited debates around gender identity and competitive fairness. In response, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and major sports organizations have continually revised their policies, underscoring the need for diverse perspectives and in-depth discussions on how to balance the core value of fair competition with human rights and inclusion. Over the past two decades, the IOC’s policy direction has shifted from an emphasis on “fairness” toward a growing focus on “inclusion.” In collegiate sports, the NCAA also seeks to balance fairness and inclusivity but continues to impose relatively strict eligibility criteria on transgender women athletes. At the high school level in the U.S., policies vary significantly by state, and no unified federal standard has yet been established. This ongoing conflict between fairness (a core value of sports) and inclusivity (a sociocultural value) suggests that binary thinking is inadequate for generating sustainable solutions. Accordingly, this study highlights the need to move beyond dichotomous frameworks and adopt a more flexible perspective that embraces both fairness and inclusion. A “both-and” approach, rather than an “either-or” model, provides a foundation for rethinking and restructuring policies and regulations related to the inclusion of transgender women athletes in competitive sports.