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      “German” Freedom: A Literary and Historical Explanation for the Virality of Nikolaus Becker’s “Rheinlied”

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A108080608

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      Why, in the fall of 1840, did a banal poem written by an undistinguished amateur poet in the Rhineland become wildly popular - or in twenty-first century parlance - “go viral”? In answering that question, this article traces how Nikolaus Becker’s “Rheinlied” temporarily gave the illusion of German unity through the anti-French sentiment provoked by the Rhine Crisis of 1840. Historical contextualization through primary archival material in the press of the time, as well as a close formal literary analysis of the poem itself and a collection of its poetic replies, complicates the assumption that 1840 marked “the breakthrough of modern German nationalism.” Becker’s song personified Germany through the notion of a timeless Rhine and suggested, by virtue of an aesthetic withdrawal from politics, a concept of freedom in the German identity. The Becker text clearly shows how a negative formulation of the “false” freedom of the French buttressed a German moral concept consistent with the existing order. Given the deep political divisions in the German lands in 1840 - which were neither technically “free” nor “German” - this was a seductive vision.
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      Why, in the fall of 1840, did a banal poem written by an undistinguished amateur poet in the Rhineland become wildly popular - or in twenty-first century parlance - “go viral”? In answering that question, this article traces how Nikolaus Becker’...

      Why, in the fall of 1840, did a banal poem written by an undistinguished amateur poet in the Rhineland become wildly popular - or in twenty-first century parlance - “go viral”? In answering that question, this article traces how Nikolaus Becker’s “Rheinlied” temporarily gave the illusion of German unity through the anti-French sentiment provoked by the Rhine Crisis of 1840. Historical contextualization through primary archival material in the press of the time, as well as a close formal literary analysis of the poem itself and a collection of its poetic replies, complicates the assumption that 1840 marked “the breakthrough of modern German nationalism.” Becker’s song personified Germany through the notion of a timeless Rhine and suggested, by virtue of an aesthetic withdrawal from politics, a concept of freedom in the German identity. The Becker text clearly shows how a negative formulation of the “false” freedom of the French buttressed a German moral concept consistent with the existing order. Given the deep political divisions in the German lands in 1840 - which were neither technically “free” nor “German” - this was a seductive vision.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 Massman, Hans Ferdinand, "Wächterlieder am Rheine I" 1841

      2 Berger, Stefan, "What is a Nation? Europe 1789-1914" Oxford University Press 2006

      3 Gemert, Guillaume van, "Wessen Strom? Ansichten vom Rhein" Ropodi 2001

      4 Hermand, Jost, "Von Mainz nach Weimar (1793-1919): Studien zur deutschen Literatur" J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1969

      5 Cordell, Ryan, "Virtual Victorians: Networks, Connections, Technologies" Palgrave Macmillan 2015

      6 Allison, John, "Thiers and the French Monarchy" Houghton Mifflin Company 1926

      7 Porter, Cecelia Hopkins, "The Rhine as Musical Metaphor" Northeastern University Press 1996

      8 Brophy, James M., "The Rhine Crisis of 1840 and German Nationalism: Chauvinism, Skepticism, and Regional Reception" 35 : 2013

      9 Berdahl, Robert M., "The Politics of the Prussian Nobility" Princeton University Press 1988

      10 Caquet, Pierre E., "The Orient, the Liberal Movement, and the Eastern Crisis of 1839-41" Palgrave Macmillan 2016

      1 Massman, Hans Ferdinand, "Wächterlieder am Rheine I" 1841

      2 Berger, Stefan, "What is a Nation? Europe 1789-1914" Oxford University Press 2006

      3 Gemert, Guillaume van, "Wessen Strom? Ansichten vom Rhein" Ropodi 2001

      4 Hermand, Jost, "Von Mainz nach Weimar (1793-1919): Studien zur deutschen Literatur" J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1969

      5 Cordell, Ryan, "Virtual Victorians: Networks, Connections, Technologies" Palgrave Macmillan 2015

      6 Allison, John, "Thiers and the French Monarchy" Houghton Mifflin Company 1926

      7 Porter, Cecelia Hopkins, "The Rhine as Musical Metaphor" Northeastern University Press 1996

      8 Brophy, James M., "The Rhine Crisis of 1840 and German Nationalism: Chauvinism, Skepticism, and Regional Reception" 35 : 2013

      9 Berdahl, Robert M., "The Politics of the Prussian Nobility" Princeton University Press 1988

      10 Caquet, Pierre E., "The Orient, the Liberal Movement, and the Eastern Crisis of 1839-41" Palgrave Macmillan 2016

      11 Blackbourn, David, "The Long Nineteenth Century" Oxford University Press 1998

      12 Hammen, Oscar, "The Failure of an Attempted Franco-German Rapprochement, 1830-1840" 1946

      13 Marriott, J. A. R., "The Eastern Question" Clarendon Press 1924

      14 Šedivý, Miroslav, "The Decline of the Congress System: Metternich, Italy and European Diplomacy" I. B. Tauris 2018

      15 Schulze, Hagen, "The Course of German Nationalism: From Frederick the Great to Bismarck, 1763-1867" Cambridge University Press 1991

      16 Breuilly, John J., "The Bee and the Eagle: Napoleonic France and the End of the Holy Roman Empire, 1806" Basingstoke 2009

      17 Šedivý, Miroslav, "The Austrian Empire, German Nationalism, and the Rhine Crisis of 1840" 47 : 2016

      18 Kolb, Georg Friedrich, "Staatslexikon, Vol. 13" 1841

      19 Deetjen, Werner, "Sie sollen ihn nicht haben! Tatsachen und Stimmen aus dem Jahre 1840" Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger 1920

      20 Vanchena, Lorie A., "Searching for Common Ground: Diskurse zur deutschen Identität 1750-1871" Böhlau 2000

      21 Vanchena, Lorie A., "Political Poetry in Periodicals and the Shaping of German National Consciousness in the Nineteenth Century" Peter Lang 2000

      22 Schiffers, Heinrich, "Neue Aktenfunde über Nikolaus Beckers Rheinlied" Verlag Kaatzers Erben 1930

      23 Breuilly, John, "Nationhood from Below: Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century" Palgrave Macmillan 2012

      24 Brophy, James, M., "Nationhood from Below: Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century" Palgrave Macmillan 2012

      25 Šedivý, Miroslav, "Metternich, The Great Powers and the Eastern Question" University of West Bohemia 2013

      26 Glossy, Karl, "Literarische Geheimberichte aus dem Vormärz" C. Konegen 1912

      27 Raphaël, Gaston, "Le Rhin Allemand" 1903

      28 Kunz, Karl Friedrich (Z. Funck), "Klänge aus der Zeit. Hervorgerufen durch die neuesten politischen Ereignisse und zunächst durch das Becker’sche Rheinlied" Palm'sche Buchhandlung 1841

      29 Nahon, Karine, "Going Viral" Polity Press 2013

      30 Prutz, Robert, "Geschichte der neuesten zeit 1840-1850, Vol. 1" J. J. Weber 1856

      31 Walker, Mack, "German Home Towns" Cornell University Press 1971

      32 Buchner, Rudolf, "Festgabe dargebracht Harold Steinacker zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres 26. Mai 1955" Oldenburg 1955

      33 Jacob, Heinrich Eduard, "Felix Mendelssohn und seine Zeit" Fischer Verlag 1959

      34 Veit-Brause, Irmline, "Die deutsch-französische Krise von 1840" Universität zu Köln 1967

      35 Heine, Heinrich, "Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen. Werke in fünf Bänden, Vol. 1" Könemann 1995

      36 Müller, Nikolaus, "Deutschland und Frankreich am Neujahr 1841. Worte zur Zeit mit deutschen Vaterlandsgesängen" Seifert’sche Buchdruckerei 1841

      37 Tümmers, Horst Johannes, "Der Rhein" C. H. Beck 1999

      38 Venedey, Jakob, "Der Rhein" Buchdruckerei der deutschen Volkshalle 1841

      39 Hermand, Jost, "Der Deutsche Vormärz" Philipp Reclam 1967

      40 Duden, "Das grosse Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache" Dudenverlag 2000

      41 Jeismann, Michael, "Das Vaterland der Feinde: Studien zum nationalen Feindbegriff und Selbstverständnis in Deutschland und Frankreich, 1792-1918" Klett-Cotta 1992

      42 Šedivý, Miroslav, "Crisis Among the Great Powers: The Concert of Europe and the Eastern Question" I. B. Tauris 2017

      43 Hewitson, Mark, "Absolute War: Violence and Mass Warfare in the German Lands, 1792-1820" Oxford University Press 2017

      44 Quinet, Edgar, "1815 et 1840, In Oeuvres complètes, Vol. 10" Paguerre 1857

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      학술지 이력

      학술지 이력
      연월일 이력구분 이력상세 등재구분
      2026 평가예정 재인증평가 신청대상 (재인증)
      2020-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (재인증) KCI등재
      2018-12-28 학회명변경 한글명 : 한국서양문화사학회 -> 한국세계문화사학회
      영문명 : The Korean Society Of Western Civilization -> Korea Association of World History and Culture
      KCI등재
      2018-12-27 학술지명변경 한글명 : 서양 역사와 문화 연구 -> 세계 역사와 문화 연구
      외국어명 : Journal of Western History and Culture -> World History and Culture
      KCI등재
      2017-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (계속평가) KCI등재
      2016-12-30 학술지명변경 한글명 : 서양사학연구 -> 서양 역사와 문화 연구
      외국어명 : Journal of Western History -> Journal of Western History and Culture
      KCI등재
      2013-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) KCI등재
      2010-01-01 평가 등재학술지 선정 (등재후보2차) KCI등재
      2009-01-01 평가 등재후보 1차 PASS (등재후보1차) KCI등재후보
      2007-01-01 평가 등재후보학술지 선정 (신규평가) KCI등재후보
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      학술지 인용정보

      학술지 인용정보
      기준연도 WOS-KCI 통합IF(2년) KCIF(2년) KCIF(3년)
      2016 0.3 0.3 0.34
      KCIF(4년) KCIF(5년) 중심성지수(3년) 즉시성지수
      0.32 0.29 0.671 0.03
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