This study examines the significance of upholding the precepts (持戒) for Seon practice as presented in Cheongheo Hyujeong’s (淸虛休靜) Seonga Gwigam (禪家龜鑑). Previous scholarship has focused mainly on Hyujeong’s views on ...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17548466
서울 : 동국대학교 일반대학원, 2026
학위논문(석사) -- 동국대학교 일반대학원 , 선학과_명상수행코칭전공 명상수행코칭전공 , 2026. 8
2026
한국어
청허 휴정(淸虛休靜) ; 『선가귀감(禪家龜鑑)』 ; 지계(持戒) ; 계율(戒律) ; 선수행(禪修行)
서울
116 p. ; 26 cm
지도교수: 서왕모(정도)
I804:11020-000000093963
0
상세조회0
다운로드다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
This study examines the significance of upholding the precepts (持戒) for Seon practice as presented in Cheongheo Hyujeong’s (淸虛休靜) Seonga Gwigam (禪家龜鑑). Previous scholarship has focused mainly on Hyujeong’s views on ...
This study examines the significance of upholding the precepts (持戒) for Seon practice as presented in Cheongheo Hyujeong’s (淸虛休靜) Seonga Gwigam (禪家龜鑑). Previous scholarship has focused mainly on Hyujeong’s views on Seon and doctrinal learning (敎), his account of Ganhwa Seon (看話禪) practice, his understanding of Buddha-nature, and his thought on the harmonization of the Three Teachings. Comparatively little attention, however, has been paid to the role of the precepts within Seon practice in the Seonga Gwigam. This study therefore interprets the text’s teaching on the precepts not merely as an ethical norm or as a restatement of Vinaya rules, but as a practical structure for purifying body, speech, and mind within Seon cultivation.
To clarify this point, the study first reviews the East Asian transmission of the Vinaya. The Four-Part Vinaya (四分律; Dharmaguptaka Vinaya) presents the precepts as a mirror that reflects the practitioner and as a mother who protects the practitioner. This shows that the Vinaya functions not merely as a set of prohibitions, but as a path of practice that purifies the three karmas (三業) and sustains the True Dharma. In the Brahmā’s Net Sūtra (梵網經), the bodhisattva precepts are understood as the foundation of Buddha-nature and bodhisattva conduct, while the pure rules of Seon monasteries (淸規) reconstitute the spirit of the Vinaya within the everyday communal life of the Seon monastery. This transmission was received and adapted in Korean Buddhism through precept ordination, repentance practices, the Samādhi and Prajñā Society (定慧結社), and the daily regulations of the mountain saṅgha. It thereby formed the intellectual and historical background of the teaching on the precepts in the Seonga Gwigam.
This study does not treat the Vinaya and the Seonga Gwigam as opposing systems of practice. The Vinaya clarifies the external and communal conditions of practice through precept conduct, precept ordination, the poṣadha ceremony (布薩), karman procedures (羯磨), and the order of the saṅgha. The Seonga Gwigam, by contrast, reconstitutes the same spirit of the precepts within the Seon practitioner’s guarding of the mind and everyday cultivation. The difference between the two therefore lies not in the practice itself, but in the perspective from which that practice is explained.
In the Seonga Gwigam, Hyujeong emphasizes the restraint of craving (渴愛) in a practice oriented toward liberation from birth-and-death (saṃsāra). He sternly admonishes the practitioner who practices Seon while still clinging to sexual misconduct, killing, stealing, and false speech—that is, eum (婬), sal (殺), do (盜), and mang (妄). He further distinguishes the Dharma precept (beopgye, 法戒) from the mind precept (心戒), presenting together the precept not transgressed by the body and the precept not transgressed even in thought. This means that upholding the precepts does not stop at regulating outward conduct, but extends to restraining the very root of the mind from which conduct arises.
Hyujeong’s teaching on the precepts is also closely connected with the Threefold Training of precepts, concentration, and wisdom (戒定慧), with daily self-examination, with repentance (懺悔), and with sudden awakening followed by gradual cultivation (頓悟漸修). The simile that the water of concentration becomes clear only when the vessel of the precepts is intact, and that the moon of wisdom is reflected only when the water of concentration is clear, shows that the precepts are not an external condition for concentration and wisdom but the foundation of the Threefold Training (三學). Hyujeong also says that the Seon practitioner must guard against idle talk and disputation and must examine whether the hwadu (話頭) remains clear and continuous amid daily life. Repentance, too, is presented not as a punitive norm, but as a means of restoring practice.
In conclusion, the teaching on the precepts in the Seonga Gwigam is not a mere ethical exhortation. It is a structure of practice that runs through the establishment, continuation, restoration, and verification of Seon practice. Hyujeong did not simply repeat the precept conduct of the Four-Part Vinaya, the mind-ground cultivation (心地) of the Brahmā’s Net Sūtra, or the everyday-practice character of the pure rules. Rather, amid the practical realities of mountain Seon Buddhism in the mid-Joseon period, he reconstituted these traditions as a discipline for purifying the body, speech, and mind of the Ganhwa Seon practitioner and as a mode of daily self-examination. In this respect, the Seonga Gwigam may be regarded as an important text demonstrating that Joseon Seon Buddhism did not discard or marginalize the precepts, but internalized them as an inner principle of Seon practice.
본 연구는 청허 휴정의 『선가귀감(禪家龜鑑)』에 나타난 지계(持戒)의 수행적 의미를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 기존 연구는 주로 휴정의 선교(禪敎)관, 선수행론, 불성(佛性)관,...
본 연구는 청허 휴정의 『선가귀감(禪家龜鑑)』에 나타난 지계(持戒)의 수행적 의미를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 기존 연구는 주로 휴정의 선교(禪敎)관, 선수행론, 불성(佛性)관, 삼교회통(三敎會通) 사상 등을 중심으로 이루어져 왔으나, 『선가귀감』에서 지계가 선수행 안에서 어떤 역할을 하는지에 대한 논의는 충분하지 않았다. 본 연구는 『선가귀감』의 지계론을 단순한 윤리 규범이나 율장 조문의 반복이 아니라, 선수행 안에서 몸과 말과 마음을 정화하는 실천 구조로 해석하고자 한다.
이를 위해 먼저 동아시아와 한국불교의 계율 전승을 검토하였다. 『사분율(四分律)』을 중심으로 한 성문율은 출가자의 행위와 승가 공동체의 질서를 명문화하였고, 『범망경(梵網經)』 보살계는 계율을 마음의 바탕을 닦는 심지 수행으로 확장하였다. 또한 선종 청규는 율장의 정신을 선원 공동체의 일상생활 속에서 현실화하였다. 한국불교는 이러한 전통을 수용하면서 서상수계(瑞祥受戒), 보살계 수계, 참회 수행, 정혜결사(定慧結社)와 승가의 생활규범을 통해 독자적인 계율 이해를 형성하였다.
휴정의 지계론은 이러한 전통 가운데 어느 하나만을 선택하지 않는다. 그는 『선가귀감』에서 법계(法戒)와 심계(心戒)를 함께 제시함으로써, 몸으로 범하지 않는 계와 생각으로도 범하지 않는 계가 분리될 수 없음을 밝혔다. 또한 음행·살생·도둑질·거짓말을 지닌 채 참선하는 일을 강하게 경책함으로써, 계율적 삶과 선수행이 서로 다른 행위가 아니라 하나의 수행 과정 안에서 맞물려 있음을 드러냈다. 계정혜(戒定慧), 일상 점검, 참회(懺悔), 돈오점수(頓悟漸修)에 관한 서술 역시 지계가 수행의 특정 단계에만 필요한 규범이 아니라 수행 전 과정에서 지속적으로 작동하는 구조임을 보여 준다.
결론적으로 『선가귀감』의 지계론은 기존 계율 전통의 단순 반복이 아니다. 휴정은 성문율의 법계, 보살계의 심계, 청규의 생활수행성을 조선 중기 승가의 현실 속에서 재구성하였다. 이 점에서 『선가귀감』은 조선 선불교가 계율을 폐기하거나 주변화한 것이 아니라, 계율을 선수행의 내부 원리로 내면화했음을 보여 주는 중요한 문헌이라 할 수 있다.
목차 (Table of Contents)