1933년 이전 독일의 ‘사회화’ 문제와 석탄광산업 = The ‘Socialization’ and Coal Mining Industry in Germany before 1933

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ‘Socialization’ and Coal Mining Industry in Germany before 1933Dae-Heon LeeThe question of ‘socialization’ (Sozialisierung) or ‘nationalization’ (Verstaatlichung) of some industrial sectors in Germany took on various aspects according to the times. The key question in tho se times was how much the state should intervene in the social pro blems. The group, which played the most important role in the early de bates on the nationalization of the industry, was the Conservatives. Their assertion of the nationalization had two intentions: strengthening the State and checking the growth of the SPD. The coal mining industry became the key sector in the debates o n the socialization since 1880s, and after the great strike of th e coal mining workers in the Ruhr in 1889 this question was discussed in the Prussian State Cabinet. The SPD did not demand the nationalization of the coal mining industry until about 1900, and then made it its main parole. The conceptions of the postwar economic order, which we re drawn up during the First World War by the SPD and the famous industrialist Walther Rathenau, had al stressed the interventi on of the state in the economy. After the German Revolution in 1918 many social groups approved the socialization, and the debates on it peaked in the socialization movement. But the participants in the debates to k diferent views on the time and the sector for its realization. Therefore 193년 이전 독일의 ‘사회화’ 문제와 석탄광산업 153the socialization in Germany did not come off. Although the socialization of the important industrial sectors appeared in t he last phase of Weimar Germany once more, it remained also stil at a discussion stage.The socialization or nationalization of the key industrial sect ors had mainly appeared when the social and economic situation was very dificult. Although the SPD advocated the socialization undoubt edly, it

국문 초록 (Abstract)

독일에서 국유화 내지 사회화에 관한 논의는 19세기 중엽의 사회문제에서 비롯되었으며, 초기에 가장 중요한 주창자는 보수주의자들이었다. 보수주의자들의 국유화론은 국가주의의 측면에서 국유화를 옹호했다는 점에서, 그리고 사회문제의 해결을 통하여 사회민주당의 성장을 저지하려 했다는 점에서 이중적인 목적을 지녔다. 사회민주당은 강령에서 사회화를 주장하긴 했으나, 특정산업, 특히 석탄광산업의 사회화를 주장한 것은 20세기 초였다. 또한 제1차 세계대전 중에는 사회민주당뿐만 아니라 저명한 기업가인 발터 라테나우도 사회화와 유사한 공동체 경제를 주장했다. 1918/19년의 혁명기에는 사회화를 어떻게 실행할 것인가를 두고 많은 논의를 거쳤으나, 바이마르 말기까지 논의의 수준을 벗어나지 못했다. 사회화 내지 국유화 문제는 대개 정치적 사회적 경제적 상황이 어려울 때 등장하였다. 그리고 이 문제에 관한 논의에서 사회민주당이 확고부동한 사회화의 지지자이긴 했지만, 논의 자체는 그들의 전유물이 아니었다. 많은 보수주의자들과 자유주의자들도 국유화 내지 사회화를 옹호하거나 혹은 사회민주당 다수가 주장하는 사회화 내지 국유화는 보수주의자들이 주장하는 국가개입의 강화와 결정적인 차이를 보여주기 어려웠다.

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