3, 4, 5세 유아의 공격행동에 대한 도덕 판단 및 정당화 추론과 틀린믿음 이해와의 관계

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate children`s moral judgment, justification reasoning in terms of aggressive behavior, and (2) it examined the relationship to false belief understanding. Children aged between 3 to 5 years(N = 120) participated in this study. Each child was interviewed individually and responded questions designed to measure his/her moral judgment and justification reasoning and false belief understanding. The 12 pictorial tasks consisted of selfish and altruistic intentions and three different types of acts (physical, verbal, relational) as responses to aggressive behavior. The results indicated that the kind of moral judgment used was different according to the intention and the types of acts. There were significant differences in children`s justification reasoning according to the age and the types of acts. There was a positive relationship between false belief understanding and moral judgment, justification reasoning. This paper also provided a detailed discussion of the results and recommendations in the context of more general cognitive developmental changes.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 손상희, "유아의 연령과 성별에 따른 마음이해와 도덕이해의 관계" 한국아동교육학회 20 (20): 137-150, 2011

2 김진아, "유아의 도덕적 판단력, 도덕적 감정과 도덕적 행동의 관계" 한국아동학회 27 (27): 85-100, 2006

3 이옥경, "유아와 아동의 과제특성지각과 친사회적 도덕추론 및 친사회적 의사결정" 한국아동학회 24 (24): 15-33, 2003

4 전시현, "도덕규범, 사회인습, 틀린믿음에대한 아동의 이해" 한국보육학회 13 (13): 131-148, 2013

5 정창우, "도덕 심리학 연구의 최근 동향과 도덕교육적 함의 - 헤이트(J. Haidt)의 뇌과학 연구를 중심으로 -" 한국초등도덕교육학회 37 (37): 95-130, 2011

6 김유미, "공격행동의 의도와 유형에 따른 유아의 도덕 추론" 한국인간발달학회 14 (14): 85-105, 2007

7 박진희, "공격행동에 대한 유아의 도덕 판단과 추론: -공격 행동의 의도와 결과 제시 유뮤를 중심으로-" 한국아동학회 26 (26): 1-14, 2005

8 Kim, S. E., "Young children's use of intention and intentionality in moral judgment" 13 (13): 49-64, 2000

9 Perner, J., "Three-year-old's difficulty with false belief : The case for a conceptual deficit" 5 : 125-129, 1987

10 Lane, J. D., "Theory of mind and emotion understanding predict moral development in early childhood" 28 (28): 871-889, 2010

11 Baird, J. A., "The role of mental state understanding in the development of moral cognition and moral action" 103 : 37-49, 2004

12 Cushman, F., "The role of conscious reasoning and intuition in moral judgment testing three principles of harm" 17 (17): 1082-1089, 2006

13 Young, L., "The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment" 104 (104): 8235-8240, 2007

14 Moll, J., "The neural basis of human moral cognition" 6 (6): 799-809, 2005

15 Piaget, J., "The moral judgment of the child" Free Press 1965

16 Damon, W., "The moral child" Free Press 1988

17 Haidt, J., "The emotional dog and its rational tail : a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment" 108 (108): 814-, 2001

18 Astington, J. W., "The child's discovery of mind" Harvard University Press 1993

19 Shatz, M., "The acquisition of mental verbs : A systematic investigation of the first reference to mental state" 14 (14): 301-321, 1983

20 Killen, M., "The accidental transgressor : Morally-relevant theory of mind" 119 (119): 197-215, 2011

21 Underwood, M. K., "Social aggression among girls" Guilford Press 2003

22 Crick, N. R., "Relational aggression, gender, and social psychological adjustment" 66 : 710-722, 1995

23 Núñez, M., "Psychological and deontic concepts: Separate domains or intimate connection?" 13 (13): 153-170, 1998

24 Choi, B. G., "Preschool children's judgment on moral and conventional rules" 34 (34): 49-62, 1996

25 Underwood, B., "Perspectivetaking and altruism" 91 (91): 143-, 1982

26 Kohlberg, L., "Moral development and behavior:Theory, research, and social issues" Holt, Rinehart & Winston 31-53, 1976

27 Lapsley, D. K., "Moral Psychology" Westview 1996

28 Peterson, C. C., "Mindreading and moral awareness in popular and rejected preschoolers" 20 (20): 205-224, 2002

29 Wellman, H. M., "Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development : The truth about false belief" 72 : 655-684, 2001

30 Krcmar, M., "Mental models : Understanding the impact of fantasy violence on children's moral reasoning" 53 (53): 460-478, 2003

31 Song, M. J., "Korean children's conceptions of moral and conventional transgressions" 23 (23): 577-, 1987

32 Berg-Cross, L. G., "Intentionality, degree of damage, and moral judgments" 46 (46): 970-974, 1975

33 Yuill, N., "Intentionality and knowledge in children's judgments of actor's responsibility and recipients emotional reaction" 2 : 73-81, 1984

34 Zelazo, P. D., "Intention, act, and outcome in behavioral prediction and moral judgment" 67 (67): 2478-2492, 1996

35 Gnepp, J., "Inferring emotions from conflicting cues" 19 : 805-814, 1983

36 Wheatley, T., "Hypnotic disgust makes moral judgments more severe" 16 (16): 780-784, 2005

37 Malle, B. F., "How people explain behavior : A new theoretical framework" 3 (3): 23-48, 1999

38 Sokol, B. W., "From mechanical to autonomous agency : The relationship between children's moral judgment and their developing theories of mind" 103 : 19-24, 2004

39 Nelson, S. A., "Factors influencing young children's motives and outcomes as moral criteria" 51 : 823-829, 1980

40 Gove, F. L., "Empathic roletaking precursors" 15 (15): 594-600, 1979

41 Baird, J. A., "Do preschoolers appreciate that identical actions may be motivated by different intentions?" 2 : 413-448, 2001

42 Eisenberg-Berg, N., "Development of young children's prosocial moral judgment : A longitudinal follow-up" 16 (16): 375-, 1980

43 Booth, J. R., "Development of the understanding of the polysemous meanings of the mental-state verb know" 10 (10): 529-549, 1995

44 Park, Y. S., "Development of preschoolers’understanding of moral and social-conventional rules" 12 (12): 11-23, 1999

45 Shultz, T. R., "Development of cognition, affect, and social relations. The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology. Vol.13" Erlbaum 131-164, 1980

46 Kim, H. R., "Development of children's theory of mind : Children's understanding of false belief" 10 (10): 75-91, 1997

47 Eigenberg-Berg, N., "Development of children's prosocial moral judgment : A longitudinal follow-up" 15 : 128-137, 1979

48 Ward, J., "Cultivating amorality of care in african american adolescents : A culture based model of violence prevention" 65 : 175-188, 1995

49 Colwell, M. J., "Contextual determinants of mothers' interventions in young children's peer interactions" 38 (38): 492-, 2002

50 O'Brien, M., "Conflict in the dyadic play of 3-year-old children" 10 (10): 289-313, 1999

51 Flavell, J. H., "Cognitive development" Prentice Hall 1993

52 Eigenberg-Berg, N., "Children’s moral reasoning about self and others effects of identity of story character and cost of helping in children's moral judgment" 7 : 17-23, 1981

53 Eigenberg, A. R., "Children's use of verbal strategies in resolving conflicts" 4 : 149-170, 1981

54 Berndt, T. J., "Children's use of motives and intentionality in person perception and moral judgment" 46 (46): 904-912, 1975

55 Rule, B. G., "Children's reactions to information about the intentions underlying an aggressive act" 45 : 794-798, 1974

56 Krcmar, M., "Children's moral reasoning and their perceptions of television violence" 51 (51): 300-316, 2001

57 Eisenberg, N., "Children's justifications for their adult and peer-directed compliant(prosocial and nonprosocial)behaviors" 21 (21): 325-, 1985

58 Helwig, C. C., "Children's judgments of psychological harm in normal and noncanonical situations" 72 (72): 66-81, 2001

59 Bartsch, K., "Children talk about the mind" Oxford University Press 1995

60 Dunn, J., "Cambridge studies in social and emotional development" Cambridge University Press 70-92, 1992

61 Astington, J. W., "Bridging the gap between theory of mind and moral reasoning" 103 : 63-72, 2004

62 Blasi, A., "Bridging moral cognition and moral action : A critical review of the literature" 88 (88): 1-45, 1980

63 Wellman, H. M., "Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development" Blackwell 258-284, 2010

64 Wimmer, H., "Beliefs about beliefs : Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception" 13 : 103-128, 1983

65 Frodi, S., "Are women always less aggressive than men? A review of the experimental literature" 84 : 634-660, 1977

66 Leslie, A. M., "Acting intentionally and the side-effect effect theory of mind and moral judgment" 17 (17): 421-427, 2006

67 Krcmar, M., "A scale to assess children's moral interpretations of justified and unjustified violence and its relationship to television viewing" 26 : 608-634, 1999

68 Costanzo, P. R., "A reexamination of the effects of intent and consequence on children's moral judgments" 44 (44): 154-161, 1973