러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 분석: 러시아의 해군력 운용과 함의 = Analysis of the Russian-Ukraine War: Naval Power Use of Russia and Implications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes the factors behind the usefulness and limitations of Russian naval power usage in the Russo-Ukraine war and explores the policy implications for the Korean Navy. In July 2022, Russia presented a strong image of itself in the new maritime doctrine, emphasizing its strong naval power. Additionally, the Atlantic Ocean, including the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, was declared a vital region for the country. However, despite its formidable naval power, the Russian Navy has been unable to make a significant contribution to the ongoing war in the region. This can be attributed to the traditional and outdated operational methods of the Russian Navy and Ukraine's anti-access area denial strategy. Despite a year of imposing a strong naval blockade, the risks were overlooked, and the importance of rising collective maritime powers, continuous military projection across different theaters, and effective integration of forces were neglected. Furthermore, deficiencies in operational planning due to ship construction, education and training, and lack of information were also brought to attention. Ukraine's anti-access area denial strategy, consisting of mines, coastal defense cruise missiles, high-speed patrol ships, and drones, explains why the Russian Navy is limited to maintaining its fleet in the region. The usage of Russian naval power in this war provides valuable insights for Korea, as the current battlefield resembles the East Asian Ocean, which is a stage for the hegemonic competition between the United States and China. This war highlights the need for Korea to establish a strategy for protecting sea lanes of communication, develop effective asymmetric strategies, establish the concept of swarm warfare, strengthen mine warfare capabilities, and focus on shipbuilding and education and training.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁에서 러시아 해군력 운용의 유용성과 한계를 발생시킨 원인에 대해 분석하고, 한국 해군에 주는 정책적 함의에 대해 살펴본다. 러시아는 2022년 7월 새로운 해양독트린에서 강한 러시아를 표방하며 그 전제조건으로 강한 해군력을 내세웠다. 또한, 흑해, 지중해 등 대서양을 국가의 중요이익 지역으로 선포했다. 하지만 러시아 해군은 이 지역에서 벌이고 있는 전쟁에서 강력한 해군력을 보유했음에도 전쟁에 기여하지 못하고 있다. 그 이유는 전통적이고 진부한 해군력 운용과 우크라이나의 반접근거부전략 때문이다. 1년간 강력한 근접봉쇄를 실시했지만, 그 위험성을 간과했고, 집단적 해양력의 부상과 해양협력 및 전역에 지속적인 군사력 투사 실패, 전력의 효과적인 통합의 중요성을 간과했다. 또한 군함 건조, 교육훈련 및 정보의 부재로 인한 작전계획의 결함 가능성도 제기할 수 있다. 기뢰-해안방어순항미사일-고속순찰선 및 드론으로 구성된 우크라이나의 반접근거부전략도 러시아 해군력이 현존함대에 머물 수밖에 없는 이유를 말해준다. 지금의 전장은 지정학적으로 미중간 패권경쟁의 전장인 동아시아 해양과 닮았다는 점에서 러시아의 해군력 사용은 우리에서 유용한 통찰력을 제공해 준다. 이 전쟁을 통해 한국의 해상교통로 보호 전략 수립, 효과적인 비대칭전략의 개발, 군집전투 개념 정립, 기뢰전 능력 보강 및 함정 건조와 교육훈련에 보다 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다.

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