수로를 통한 러시아 공간의 팽창

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There is a road, as explains the Russian Primary Chronicle, ‘from the Varagians to the Greeks’ trade route. This water road from the Baltic sea to the Black sea through the grand portage system became the basis of the first Russian state, known as Novgorod principality and Kievan Rus. From this time, for four centuries of Russian history this trade route had played important roles of building and developing Russian state.
From the earliest times, it is evident that the rivers determined the direction of colonization and expansion as well as creation of the ancient political organizations in Russia. The portages (called volok in Russian) system were of strategic significance of this highway. The portages between rivers and lakes usually served as territorial and state boundaries, and so to speak, they were the mountains in vast East European plain of Russia.
Novgorod principality and the Kievan Rus which dominated this trade route as geopolitical, geoeconomical region were able to prosper, because they controlled the trade route from the Baltic sea to the Black sea. And moreover trade route had an abundant supply of furs, wax, honey, slaves and so on.
The fact is that expansion of Russian geographical space is a process. That is to say, such elements as people, rivers, and portages, ostrogs, monasteries, and furs were invaluable factors in Russia's action and development from principality to empire. Nowadays just as the railroads, canals, and highways have followed this process, their importances in Russian history must be emphasized much enough.

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