아시아와 유럽 사이에서

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to determine the identity and self-portrait of the contemporary Hungarian people through the Hungarikum that was defined as the most typical of Hungary and peculiar to the Hungarians only and representative of Hungary throughout the Hungarian spiritual and material culture in accordance with Article 30 of the Act on Hungarian National Values and Hungarikum approved by the Hungarian Parliament in 2012. Hungarian identity draws attention, because the Hungarians originally resided in Asia, the east of the Ural Mountains, but settled down in Europe in 896 after hundreds of years of migration. Time and space are the two basic elements that are the most important in defining identity. While realists have a notion that identity does not change greatly according to time and space, constructivists are of the opinion that time and space are important factors in the change of identity and thus that identity is variable. As regards Hungarian identity, domestic and foreign studies have hitherto focused on Asian identity, especially as seen in folklore and oral literature. This does not make it easy to find any study in the identity and self-portrait of the contemporary Hungarian nation. However, the present study differs from the existing ones in that it enables to identify the identity and self-portrait of the contemporary Hungarian people. As of 2016, the analysis of Hungarikum shows that a total of 58 items include the six items deriving from Asia, which are mostly related to livestock, hunting and war and consist of the fundamental matters necessary for the preservation and extension of life. According to the analysis, the remaining 52 items comprise not only the most basic elements required for life, such as food and drinks and daily supplies, but also a large number of intangible cultural properties, such as religion, art, sport, folklore, education, thought, science and technology. Based on these results, the contemporary Hungarians do not deny that they originate in Asia and that their identity is partially filled with Asian elements. However, their identity is mostly filled with European elements and their self-portrait is also described as European today when more than 1000 years have passed since their settlement in Europe. Moreover, they continue to revise their European self-portrait by not refusing to accept the elements from non-European peoples, including Romanies. Judging from Hungarikum, national identity is not fixed and unchangeable, but is continuously changed and modified according to time and space.

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