감성의 형성 : 일본인의 감성과 애니미즘 -일제강점기 정지용 시를 중심으로- = Japanese Sensibility and Animism: Chung Jiyong`s Poetry Composed during the Japanese Colonial Rule of Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper discusses differences between Korean and Japanese sensibilities by examining “what Japanese sensibility is?” in terms of comparative literature, in order to recognize “what Korean sensibility is?”. The primary research methodology consists of folklore studies of literature by focusing on the term, animism. Mono in Monoaware includes the spirits of animals and plants, excluding human spirit. Aware means two things: one includes “miserable,” “poor,” “wretched,” “pathetic,” “shabby,” ; the other (apare) “wonderful,” “splendid,” “bright,” “virtuous”. Motoori norigana says that mind as aware is not the delight which comes when the sky is bright, but the minds of various gods. Aware is not merely the adjective of delight, but also includes the meanings of literary quality like happiness and pleasure; it further represents the essence of Japanese literature which consists of cheerfulness, activeness, clearness, and honesty”. Mononoware can be defined as sadness and delight in the spirits of animals and plants excluding human spirits. it is remarkable that in the Japanese Language the adjective “sad” is used along with the three different Chinese Characters (悲, 哀, 愛). It can be said that animism is included in personification and living way of expression, whether consciously or unconsciously. Animism is used as personification in Korea and living way of expression in Japan respectively. Animism connoted in Japanese Literature had a great effect upon the Korean Literature of Japanese colonial rule of Korea. The incarnation Chung Jiyong once mentioned means that a divine entity staying in human flesh concords with the faith in the language spirit of Japanese Literature. Poets communicates with spirits through the faith in the language spirit, supplying animals and plants with life. Korean sensibility in literature, based upon shamanism, is an anthropocentric expression, while Japanese sensibility, based upon animism, primarily consists of expression of things as they are. Japanese Literature is sacrificial rite which pays tribute to the gods in both the heaven and the earth. Choi Jaeseo once said that Koreans should cultivate the spirit paying respect to the gods in the heaven and earth in order to become Japanese people. Admitting that he said it under the circumstances of Japanese colonial rule of Korea, his literary theory of Japanese Literature as a sacrificial rite shows an important difference between Koreans and Japanese. The fact that spiritual subject can be identified with animals and plants is acceptable to Japanese without hesitation. Koreans who converse with flowers for hours by providing them with water might be considered to be insane; however, Japanese who do the same thing looks natural. But modern people including Korean go shopping and steal something to ease their loneliness and depression; these activities tell us that ordinary people are not free of animism, although there are some differences in terms of looking at things. Japanese sensibility, based upon animism rather than western dichotomy of reason and emotion, is expressed in the way of spiritual communication with things; Korean sensibility is expressed with it basis on humanistic shamanism. Imagimistic poetry of Chung Jiyong might be the result of Japanese animism poetry with a mixture of Korean sensibility.