뉴욕 도심의 주거 특성에 대한 연구 = Urban Regeneration : The Characteristics of Residential Area and Population inDowntown New York

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was initiated to gain policy insights by looking into the examples of New York City that hasundergone similar developmental phases, at a time when a large scale project of Seoul Downtown’s redevelopment isseriously under way. For such purpose, this study took the step of understanding overall downtown redevelopmentprojects taken place in the US and New York, identifying unique features of the Manhattan area with statistical dataof five Boroughs in New York and then looked into the characteristics of its neighborhoods and residents usingstatistical data of twelve Manhattan community districts, the heart of New York City. The results indicate thatFinancial District and Central Harlem have undergone the most significant spatial changes. Based on that, theresearch concludes that the resulting differences in spatial characteristics of the two areas are attributable to thediffering history, agents and regional characteristics involved in the redevelopment process. The results furtherindicate that successful downtown redevelopment projects require a comprehensive approach incorporating all therelevant factors, rather than being focused solely on city planning and engineering aspects, and that adequatepreparatory efforts are needed to address the spatial inequalities resulting from gentrification in Seoul’s downtownredevelopment projects.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

서울의 도심재개발 사업이 본격화되고 있는 시점에서 먼저 경험한 미국 뉴욕 사례를 통해 정책적 시사점을 얻고자 하는 목적으로 본 연구는 시작되었다. 이를 위해 미국 뉴욕의 도심부 재개발 역사 및 주거지 변화와 인구 변화 특성을 분석했다. 뉴욕의 5개 Borough의 통계자료를 분석하여 맨해튼의 차별성을 확인하고, 다시 뉴욕의 도심부라 할 수 있는 맨해튼의 12개 community district의 통계자료를 이용하여 주거지역 특성과 거주인구 특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 재개발의 역사 및 주체, 지역성이 다른 Financial District과 Central Harlem은 공간적 결과의 여러 부문에서도 차별적 성격을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 도심재개발 사업이 도시계획 및 공학적 접근만이 아닌 종합적 접근이 필요함과, 동시에 젠트리피케이션으로 인한 공간적 불평등은 서울 도심재개발사업에서도 충분한 준비가 필요하다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있다.

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