농지보전을 위한 토지정책에 관한 연구 = (A) Study on Land Policy for the Conservation of Farmland

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There is no doubt that we human beings have long depended on land for their livelihood, enjoying its enormous benefit, while constantly improving ways of utilizing the land and developing the ability to bring forth a new utility.
But it must be noted that the limit of land has so far caused many difficult problems in our society. It is, therefore, quite natural that the primary object to use and develop land resources should be the most effective use and the balanced development of these resources, and the protection and preservation of national land.
Yet, today the problem of farmland conservation has come to become a significant issue of policy in terms of the effective utilization of national land. What is more, the urbanization and industrialization caused by our rapid but steady economic growth should be responsible for the chaotic diversion of farmland to other purposes. Consequently, the size of our farmland was reduced from 2,312,000 ha in 1967 to 2,144,000 ha in 1985, a decrease by 168,000 ha. Such a sudden drop in the area of agricultural land has also brought about a grave problem concerning agricultural production, reducing the self-supply rate of food from 80.5% in 1970 to 48.6% in 1985 and thus inviting the unbalance in demand and supply of food. It is also the present situation that the amount of import of foodstuffs is increasing every year. For example, Korea imported in 1985 alone 7,337,000 tons of food.
In addition, it is true that land policy in our country has also brought about the hike of land value and the spreading of speculative psychology due largely to the excessive protection and oligopoly of land ownership. The chaotic utilization and the unbalanced development of land have also resulted in sharpening the gap between urban and rural communities and causing many bottlenecks in the course of land conservation.
The estrangement between the related laws in the land lease system and the actual condition of leased farming has come to decrease not only productivity but also the rate of land use, causing unrest impeding even the security of rural life.
The area of our national land was 99,143 sq. km. as of the year 1985, and total population was 4,467,000, which clearly indicates a high density of population (408 persons per square kilometer). Accordingly, the future demand for land utilization is expected to increase continuously in line with the sustained increase of population, and the drive of urbanization and industrialization.
In view of the increasing demand for land use, the conservation of farmland for the self-supply of food, mountain reclamation and land reclamation by drainage and so forth, and the effective diversion of land utilization in urban areas are most likely to raise knotty problems not to be overlooked.
In an attempt to check the prevailing conversion of farmland for other purposes and protect and use it most effectively, the government enacted in 1972 the laws relating to the conservation and utilization of farmland, and has put them in practice since 1975.
To supplement problems resulted from the above regulations, the government made the first amendment on April I, 1985, but it is really regrettable that the size of our farmland is still on the steady decrease.
The following are solutions and political measures I wish to suggest to settle the problems concerning the preservation of farmland and the self-supply of food.
1. In the overall urban development plan, the farmland of quality should be excluded from the projected zone, and a social environment should be created in order to use the quality land as farmland.
2. As a source of farmland supply around city, the farmland around urban areas should be protected from being used for other purposes by the land policy to designate the farmland in the neighborhood of city as an absolute farmland.
3. Farmers should be regarded not as laborers or employees to produce food for people but as the main body or manager in food production.
4. To improve the surroundings of rural communities and mitigate inconvenience of rural life it is indeed necessary to create a residential area unique and suitable to rural life.
5. But what is most urgently required for the effective control and conservation of land is considered to be the support of the present reality and information relating to national land use, and the improvement of land administrative system and the training of skilled manpower to cope with all sorts of problems.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 總目次
• 第1章 序論 = 1
• 第1節 硏究의 目的 = 1
• 第2節 硏究의 方法 및 範圍 = 3
• 第2章 農地保全의 必要性과 政策方向 = 4
• 第1節 農地保全의 必要性 = 4
• 1. 食糧需給 問題 = 4
• 2. 우리나라의 食糧需給과 展望 = 13
• 第2節 農地轉用의 實態 = 19
• 1. 農地의 轉用要因 = 19
• 2. 農地의 他用途 轉用實態 = 21
• 3. 農地의 保全과 擴張 = 37
• 第3章 우리나라의 土地利用 實態와 土地供給展望 = 41
• 第1節 土地利用의 展望 = 41
• 第2節 우리나라의 土地利用 實態 = 46
• 1. 農業部門 = 47
• 2. 都市部門 = 50
• 3. 産業部門 = 52
• 第3節 土地供給의 展望 = 55
• 1. 土地供給의 槪觀 = 55
• 2. 相對的 土地供給의 展望 = 56
• 3. 絶對的 土地供給의 展望 = 64
• 第4章 農地賃貸借 問題와 農地保全 方向 = 69
• 第1節 農地賃貸借 現況과 問題點 = 69
• 1. 賃貸農의 發生背景 = 69
• 2. 賃貸農의 槪念과 推移 = 71
• 3. 農地賃貸借 制度의 問題點 = 81
• 4. 農地賃貸借 制度의 管理方向 = 85
• 第2節 우리나라 土地政策의 問題點과 農地保全 方向 = 89
• 1. 우리나라 土地政策의 問題點 = 89
• 2. 農地保全의 方向 = 95
• 第5章 結論 = 100
• 參考文獻
• ABSTRACT