The nature of disease

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Acknowledgments = ⅹ
• Introduction : Medicine and the Need for Philosophy = 1
• Why philosophize? = 1
• Sickness or poor training? = 2
• Defect or decay? = 3
• Habit or disease? = 3
• Symptom or normality? = 4
• Disease or way of life? = 6
• Naughty or ill? = 8
• A medical or political problem? = 9
• A role for philosophers = 11
• Chapter 1 Invention or Discovery? = 13
• From anti-psychiatry to anti-medicine = 13
• Values and classification = 15
• Inventing diseases = 23
• Chapter 2 Taxonomic Realism 1 : Natural Kinds = 26
• Taxonomic realism = 26
• Medical taxonomic realism = 30
• Natural kinds = 33
• (1) Whewell's criterion = 34
• (2) The cluster criterion = 35
• (3) The explanatory nature criterion = 37
• (4) The law-like connectedness criterion = 39
• Chapter 3 Taxonomic Realism 2 : Semantics = 48
• Introduction = 48
• Semantic theories = 48
• What language do we speak? = 51
• Chapter 4 The Nature of Disease = 63
• Introduction = 63
• Pathological conditions = 65
• Do diseases constitute a natural kind? = 67
• Do diseases have a nominal essence? = 71
• Disease and explanation = 74
• Chapter 5 The Normal and the Pathological = 90
• Introduction = 80
• Do pathological conditions constitute a natural kind? = 81
• The nominal essence of pathology = 88
• The nature of norms of health = 92
• Chapter 6 The Concept of Function
• Introduction = 98
• The problems = 99
• The evaluative theory = 101
• The teleological theory = 106
• The aetiological theory = 108
• Chapter 7 The Naturalist Theory = 120
• Introduction = 120
• The concept of malfunction = 121
• Disease as malfunctioning = 125
• Objections = 128
• Chapter 8 The Concept of Harm = 134
• Introduction = 134
• The logic of harm = 134
• Theories of Human Good = 138
• Naturalist theories = 138
• (1) Thefunctioningproperly theory = 138
• (2) The hedonistic theory = 140
• (3) The desire-satisfaction theory = 143
• The normative theory = 150
• Chapter 9 The Normativist Theory = 154
• Introduction = 154
• Death, disability, discomfort and disfiguration = 155
• Disease as harm = 159
• Objections = 164
• Chapter 10 Disease Entities as Natural Kinds = 172
• Introduction = 172
• Are disease entities natural kinds? = 174
• Is there a determinate number of pre-existing diseases? = 182
• Chapter 11 The Semantics of Disease Terms = 190
• Introduction = 190
• What medical language do we speak? = 191
• A taxonomy of terms = 198
• Conclusion : When is a Disease not a Disease? = 208
• Non-existent diseases = 208
• Conclusions = 211
• Bibliography = 214
• Index = 223