Now, Korean government is striving to provide the old with the opportunity to work, and as a result, various programs are suggested to the old people. However, current programs are likely to fail to succeed to provide the old with worthy opportunity t...
Now, Korean government is striving to provide the old with the opportunity to work, and as a result, various programs are suggested to the old people. However, current programs are likely to fail to succeed to provide the old with worthy opportunity to work. For the continuous development of the provision of the working opportunity for the old, now it's time for us to suggest the sustainable direction by which the programs should be established.
The ideal solution is, to compare the current programs of our country with the foreign policies of providing working opportunity for the old of the developed nations. The objectives of the policies of providing working opportunity for the old of Korea, America, and Japan are all similar, and the old people in the countries are agonizing factors of the countries. So, the policies of providing working opportunity for the old of the three nations will be compared in this study.
The objectives of this dissertation are, to compare the programs of providing the working opportunity for the old of America and Japan, to figure out what are important matters, and to suggest the ideal solution to achieve the way the program should be established to develop the programs qualitatively. The difference of the circumstances may exist, but the phenomenon or the desire that the old people face is not so different, regardless of the country where the old people belong.
Comparing the cases is needed, because it has the pragmatic aspect to find out the novel approach regarding the policy. The difference of time and place exist between the countries, and the countries try to review and improve the policy. So knowing how the other countries are doing to solve the problem of the policy and what effect they got as a result helps solving our policy.
Regarding the range and method of the study, the comparable standards by which the policies of the programs can be compared were selected, and according to the standards, the similarities and differences of the policies will be figured out. And this dissertation is written descriptively, based on the literatures which concern the policies of providing the old people with the working opportunity of Korea, America, and Japan. First, the approaching method of comparing the cases will be reviewed, and the need to compare the cases will be also figured out.
Second, the theoretical review will be done to set the comparing variables. Third, the frame of analyzing the programs of Korea, America, and Japan will be suggested. Last, the status of the programs of the three countries will be analyzed, and the similarities and differences will be explored according to the comparing standards. And ultimately, the ideal plan to improve the program of providing the old with working opportunity of Korea will be suggested.
The comparing standards are categorized by the three natures. First, the behavioral approach is the cooperating existence, the department in charge. Second, the institutional approach is important in the aspect of the related law and conveying system. Third, by the functional approach, how the assets and programs are prepared can be figured out. The three approaches have the complementary nature, and are necessary to compare the matters specifically. Regarding the similarity between the programs, the jobs that the old people can have are somewhat restricted, so it can be seen that the jobs are similar. The departments in charge consisted of central government, regional government, private enterprises, and the welfare institution for the old, so they can be seen as the similar existences.
Regarding the differences, first, as the cooperating existence, the governmental body was centered in the program in Korea. However, in America, the private institutions were centered and in Japan, the self-help institution of the old people and small and medium enterprises were centered, so there were differences. Second, as the conveying system, Korea have the strata-based system, such as the central government, Do, Sigungu, and the designated institutions. In Japan, the conveying system consisted of central government, small and medium enterprises, self-help institutions, regional communities, and regional government.
In America, the conveying system consisted of the private institutions, mediating centers, and governments(federal, state, and regional governments). Third, regarding the related law, in Korea, the focus were, establishing the law that supports the old directly and indirectly and revising it. In Japan, the focus was, revising the law that concerns prolongation of the retiring age to help the old people work more, followed by the compromise with the small and medium enterprises. In America, the focus were the provision of working opportunity to the old, arranging the jobs, and mediating function, based on the prohibition against the discrimination according to the age.
Fourth, regarding the preparation of the assets, the focuses of this dissertation are, what existence constitutes to the assets more, and the existence of the difference of the point of view toward the subsidy. In Korea, the assets which support the program of the provision of working opportunity to the old were provided by the government, but in Japan, although the assets were provided by the government, the membership fee and the amount of the investment of the self-help institution of the old were the great portion of the assets. In America, the use of the state subsidy was restricted, and the assets were used mediating between the private institutions and the old, supervising, and evaluating.
As a suggestion of the policies, first, the cooperating system between the government, enterprises, and private institutions should be reinforced. Second, the standardization of the conveying system of hiring the old is important. Third, the regulation and law that concern employment of the old should be revised. And the conceptualization of the old should be standardized, and it should be improved institutionally. Fourth, regarding the preparation of the assets that support the programs of providing the working opportunity to the old, the government should induce the private entities and enterprises to provide the fund, because the burden of assets can be reduced by the method, and the assets can be used more efficiently.
Through this method of comparing the cases, the programs of providing the old people with the working opportunity of Korea, America, and Japan can be reviewed, and the ideal solution can be suggested, so this study is meaningful academically and pragmatically. Furthermore, comparing the policies of providing the old with the working opportunity helps us to have the comprehensive knowledge of public administration and related theories. The analyzation through comparing the cases is necessary to study the welfare policies, and now, the importance of it is well-recognized.