Psychometric Properties of the Hypomania Checklist-32 in Korean Patients with Mood Disorders

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Korean version of the Hypomania Checklist-32, second revision (HCL-32-R2) in mood disorder patients. Methods: A total of 454 patients who diagnosed as mood disorder according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, clinician version (SCID-CV) (bipolar disorder [BD] I, n=190; BD-II, n=72; and major depressive disorder [MDD], n=192) completed the Korean module of the HCL-32-R2 (KHCL-32-R2). Results: The KHCL-32-R2 showed a three-factorial structure (eigenvalue ＞2) that accounted for 43.26% of the total variance. Factor 1 was labeled “active/elated” and included 16 items; factor 2, “irritable/distractible” and included 9 items; and factor 3 was labeled “risk-taking/indulging” and included 9 items. A score of 16 or more on the KHCL-32-R2 total scale score distinguished between BD and MDD, which yielded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 70%. MDD and BD-II also could be differentiated at a cut-off of 15 with maximized sensitivity (0.67) and specificity (0.66). Cronbach’s alpha of KHCL-32-R2 and its subsets (factors 1, 2, and 3) were 0.91, 0.89, 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. Correlations between KHCL-32-R2 and Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale and Korean version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire were −0.66 ( p =0.41), −0.14 ( p =0.9), and 0.61 ( p ＜0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The KHCL-32-R2 may be a useful tool in distinguishing between bipolar and depressive patients in clinical settings.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 안용민, "한글판 Montgomery-Åsberg 우울증 평가 척도의 표준화 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 44 (44): 466-476, 2005

2 오미영, "한국판 HCL-32의 타당화" 한국임상심리학회 28 (28): 321-338, 2009

3 정희연, "Young조증 평가 척도의 한국판 표준화 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 42 (42): 2003

4 Yang HC, "Validity of the 32-item Hypomania Checklist(HCL-32)in a clinical sample with mood disorders in China" 11 : 84-, 2011

5 Jon DI, "Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire" 50 : 286-291, 2009

6 Mosolov SN, "Validation of the Russian version of the Hypomania Checklist(HCL-32)for the detection of bipolar II disorder in patients with a current diagnosis of recurrent depression" 155 : 90-95, 2014

7 Wu YS, "Validation of the Chinese version of the hypomania checklist(HCL-32)as an instrument for detecting hypo(mania)in patients with mood disorders" 106 : 133-143, 2008

8 Gamma A, "Transcultural validity of the Hypomania Checklist-32(HCL-32)in patients with major depressive episodes" 15 : 701-712, 2013

9 Sheehan DV, "The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10" 59 (59): 22-33, 1998

10 Meyer TD, "The Hypomania Checklist(HCL)-systematic review of its properties to screen for bipolar disorders" 55 : 1310-1321, 2014

11 Angst J, "The HCL-32 : towards a self-assessment tool for hypomanic symptoms in outpatients" 88 : 217-233, 2005

12 Feng Y, "The 33-item Hypomania Checklist(HCL-33) : A new self-completed screening instrument for bipolar disorder" 190 : 214-220, 2016

13 First MB, "Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, clinician version (SCID-CV)" American Psychiatric Press, Inc 1996

14 Ather Muneer, "Staging Models in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature" 대한정신약물학회 14 (14): 117-130, 2016

15 Nassir Ghaemi S, "Sensitivity and specificity of a new bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale" 84 : 273-277, 2005

16 Carvalho AF, "Screening for bipolar spectrum disorders : A comprehensive meta-analysis of accuracy studies" 172 : 337-346, 2015

17 Angst J, "Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode : the BRIDGE study" 68 : 791-798, 2011

18 Ather Muneer, "Pharmacotherapy of Bipolar Disorder with Quetiapine: A Recent Literature Review and an Update" 대한정신약물학회 13 (13): 25-35, 2015

19 Hirschfeld RM, "Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder : how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder" 64 : 161-174, 2003

20 Yang HC, "Hypomanic symptoms assessed by the HCL-32 in patients with major depressive disorder : a multicenter trial across China" 143 : 203-207, 2012

21 Angst J, "Hypomania : a transcultural perspective" 9 : 41-49, 2010

22 Portney LG, "Foundations of clinical research:applications to practice" Prentice Hall Health 2000

23 Fornaro M, "Factor structure and reliability of the Italian adaptation of the Hypomania Check List-32, second revision (HCL-32-R2)" 178 : 112-120, 2015

24 Fornaro M, "Factor structure and reliability of the Arabic adaptation of the Hypomania Check List-32, second revision (HCL-32-R2)" 59 : 141-150, 2015

25 Doyoun An, "Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Korean Version of Hypomania Checklist-32" 대한신경정신의학회 8 (8): 334-339, 2011

26 Carta MG, "Epidemiological and clinical aspects of bipolar disorders : controversies or a common need to redefine the aims and methodological aspects of surveys" 1 : 4-, 2005

27 Mitchell PB, "Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar depression : a probabilistic approach" 10 : 144-152, 2008

28 Hirschfeld RM, "Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder : the Mood Disorder Questionnaire" 157 : 1873-1875, 2000

29 Vieta E, "Cross validation with the mood disorder questionnaire(MDQ)of an instrument for the detection of hypomania in Spanish : the 32 item hypomania symptom check list(HCL-32)" 101 : 43-55, 2007

30 Angst J, "Classification of mood disorders" 49 : 663-671, 2015

31 Young RC, "A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity" 133 : 429-435, 1978

32 Montgomery SA, "A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change" 134 : 382-389, 1979