Obesity is a major global health concern, associated with metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. The anti-obesity potential of Ipomoea batatas L.(Sweet potato) leaves, a readily available agricultural byproduct, has not been previously investigated...
Obesity is a major global health concern, associated with metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. The anti-obesity potential of Ipomoea batatas L.(Sweet potato) leaves, a readily available agricultural byproduct, has not been previously investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of sweet potato stem and leaf extracts and to identify bioactive compounds for potential therapeutic applications. As an initial investigation, a hot water extract of sweet potato stems (WIB) was tested in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD and orally treated with WIB at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg. WIB treatment significantly reduced body weight and fat mass, and improved blood lipid profiles. In addition, WIB decreased fat accumulation and regulated the expression of adipogenic proteins in liver and adipose tissues. WIB restored HFD-induced expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), while also increasing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, suggesting that WIB can achieve its anti-obesity effects by modulating the AMPK signaling. WIB also upregulated thermogenic-related proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 4 (COX-IV) in brown adipose tissue, thereby enhancing energy expenditure. Given the comparable chemical composition between leaf and stem extracts and the practical advantages of harvesting leaves, sweet potato leaves were selected as the focus of this study. Extracts from four domestic cultivars (Hopungmi, Sodammi, Jinyulmi, and Tongchaeru) were prepared using three solvents (water, 30% ethanol, and 70% ethanol) and assessed for their anti-lipogenic activity using Oil Red O (ORO) staining. Among the extracts, the hot water extract of ‘Hopungmi’ leaves (WIL) demonstrated the strongest activity. Comprehensive profiling of WIL using UPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF-MS identified 11 major compounds. Ten of the identified compounds were further evaluated for anti-lipogenic activity, resulting in the isolation of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside as key bioactive constituents. A validated HPLC method was developed for the quantification of these marker compounds, with concentrations as 3.680 mg/g for chlorogenic acid and 0.918 mg/g for hyperoside in WIL. The developed HPLC method, utilizing a standard UV detector, provides a simple and efficient approach for the routine quantification of these markers, ensuring reliability without the need for advanced instrumentation. This study provides the first evidence of the anti-obesity potential of Ipomoea batatas leaf extracts, particularly WIL, and establishes a foundation for their development as functional ingredients. Further clinical investigations are warranted to confirm its efficacy in the management and treatment of obesity.