정다산(丁茶山)의 반경오천론(盤庚五遷論) = Cheong Dasan's Theory of Pan Geng's Fifth Relocation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In his Confucian studies, Cheong Dasan enhances interpretive objectivity through the method of ‘comparing and verifying the classics with the classics(以經證經)’. His research on “Shangshu(尙書)” is no exception; Dasan thoroughly employs this ‘comparing and verifying the classics with the classics(以經證經)’ method to unravel the meaning of the difficult “Shangshu(尙書)”. The textual basis for Dasan's ‘comparing and verifying the classics with the classics(以經證經)’ in his study of Pangeng's Fifth Relocations can be broadly summarized as “Shangshu(尙書)”, “Shangshu xu(尙書序)”, and “Shiji(史記)”. Dasan elucidates the meaning of Pangeng's Fifth Relocations based on these textual foundations.
According to Dasan, the causes of Pangeng's Fifth Relocations can be broadly categorized into two main reasons. First, it was to inherit the traditions of the former kings (承于古). Second, it was due to discord among the ruling class (世臣巨族) caused by an incident within the royal family. His view that it was to inherit the traditions of the former kings is based on the passage in “Shangshu(尙書)”: “If we do not follow the ways of the ancients, how can we understand Heaven's decisive will? How much less can we hope to emulate the achievements of our former kings?”(Pan Geng, Part 1). The interpretation regarding discord among the ruling class (the great clans of hereditary ministers) due to royal upheaval is based on “Shangshu(尙書)”'s text: "In ancient times, our former kings also sought to appoint old ministers to share in governance. The king proclaimed this openly, hiding nothing of his intent. The king held this in great reverence, uttering no idle words, and the people were profoundly enlightened. Now you are noisily spreading malicious rumors and slanderous words; I cannot fathom what you are disputing.” (Pan Geng Chapter 1) This is also why Dasan rejected the widely proposed He-Huan theory in existing scholarship, as such content does not appear in “Shangshu(尙書)”'s texts.
Summarizing Dasan's discussion of Pan Geng's Fifth Relocation, the Fifth Relocations after King Tang of Shang are as follows: Tang's First Relocation was when Tang moved the capital to ‘Bo’ (Tang began residing in Bo), Zhong Ding's Second Relocation was when Zhongding moved the capital to ‘Xiao’ (Zhong Ding relocated to Xiao), He Dan Jia's third migration was his move to Xiang (河亶甲居相), Zu Yi's fourth migration was his move to Geng (祖乙遷于耿), and Pan Geng's fifth migration was his move to Yin (盤庚遷于殷). (Pan Geng moved to Yin) And according to Dasan, ‘Yin’ corresponds to Yanshi in Henan