新羅 獅子山 興寧寺址 硏究 = A Study on the Site of Silla’s Heung-nyeong Temple at the Foot of Mt.Sa-ja

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Heung-nyeong (literally, Rise and Peace) Buddhist Temple(興寧寺) of Mt. Sa-ja (lit. Lion) of the unified Silla Dynasty was one of the nine centers of Korean Seon(禪) Buddhism, and its site is located at the southern foot of Mt. Sa-ja in Beob-heung-ri, Su-ju myeon, Yeong-weol-gun, Gang-weon-do, of today. The writer of this essay explored the site three times in a period of 13 years-August, 1955-December, 1968. His surveys and explorations were made, however, all in relation with the remains exposed on the surface of land, and nothing that might remain buried underground was studied, because he had made no excavations at all. Today, the area of and around the site has long since turned into cultivated farm lands, and most of the remains have apparently been destroyed or lost, leaving only a few pillar-stones and a few others over the wide space of the former premises of the temple. Some broken celadon and tile pieces can be found scattered here and there, and a Beob-heung (lit. Rise of Buddhism 法興寺) Temple of far later construction stands on the site. The historical remains still extant include, other than some of the annex buildings of the present Beob-heung Temple, such constructions of stone of early Koryo Dynasty as Stone Monument Commemorating Priest Jing-hyo(澄曉大師寶印塔碑), two stone stupas, a stone chamber, a stone coffin, a stone stand for a Buddhist statue, etc., which are of the older period; two bell-shaped stone stupas, the stone monument commemorating the reconstruction of Beob-heung Temple of Mt. Sa-ja, and others of the present Beob-heung Temple of modern times. The Heung-nyeong Temple of Seon Buddhism was a famed temple historically, and yet what surprised the writer at the time of his surveys is the fact that its remains were so very unexpectedly scanty, despite its large area (fairly comparable with those of other Seon temples) and its location in deep out-of-the-way mountains, and also the fact that almost no records are anywhere to be found respective to this temple. Neither in Sam-gug-yu-sa (the Reminiscences of the Three Kingdoms) nor in Dong-gug-yeo-ji-seung-ram (the Descriptive Topography of Korea, or Survey of Famous Sceneries of the Eastern Country) is the temple mentioned. Only, a little information is found in Beom-u-go (梵宇攷 A Study of Buddhist Edifices) of later Yi Dynasty period. Fortunately, however, Stone Monument Commemorating Priest Jing hyo who is known as the founder of this temple, being still standing, almost as it was, in its original location, the writer has been able, through the inscriptions in it, to bring to light various facts theretofore hidden in obscurity and oblivion to people. Thus he has tried in the present writing to present the various facts respective to this temple, combining and arranging into a provisional system what he has found through his three explorations and surveys of the site. His efforts can be summarized as follows: 1. He has been enabled to clarify most of the imporpant historical facts about the temple, from its earliest period to the present. In brief, the opening of the temple is surmised to have dated some time in the middle of the ninth century; it was burned down in a war in 891 A.D. (in the reign of Queen Jin-seong of Silla Dynasty); was rebuilt immediately afterwards and regained all its aspects as a place of worship; its fortune declining around the end of Koryo Dynasty and the beginning of the Yi Dynasty period, it remained only as a least known mountain temple until the first half of the 19th century; then losing its position as a temple, was replaced by the present Beob-heung Temple in the beginning of the present century. 2. As to which of the two remaining stone stupas is the one dedicated to Great Priest Jing-hyo the Founder, the writer has determined that the one erected on the same terrace that his stone monument stands is the very one.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序言
• Ⅱ. 新羅 禪門九山 獅子山派
• Ⅲ. 澄曉大師와 興寧寺 事蹟
• Ⅳ. 興寧寺址의 遺蹟 遺物
• Ⅴ. 結語