9세기 후반 큐슈지역의 신라인집단과 그 행방 = Whereabout of Silla people`s community living in the late 9th century Kyushu

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to restore the lifestyle of Silla people in regions in Japan, by following the traces of them left in Kyushu in the process of handling Silla pirate incident. Firstly, the study named the Sillan residence area in Kyushu as Japanese type `Silla-bang`, borrowing the concept of `Silla-bang` in Tang(唐) in the same era, and estimated its location as Hakata remains site. The area shows many traits that would support such estimation: many residence remains which date back to the late 9th century are found in the area, the area later on had `Hakata Dang-bang(To-bo)` which used to be the China town of Song(宋)`s merchants in the 12th century, and the area also secured a superb hinterland along with a pier which would strongly support trade and commerce. Next is the study on the background of moving to Musashi-no-kuni and Kazusa-no-kuni. It can be ascertained that Musashi had been the settlement for the immigrants from the Korean Peninsula, so-called `Toraijin`, from the end of the 7th century. Shown from the Kudara(Baekje) people`s settlement and the establishment of Koma(Goguryo)-gun and Shiragi(Silla)-gun, Musashi was one of the most relevant areas with foreign people among the Eastern Japan. The movement of exile site for the 5 Silla people in the late 9th century was also from the expectation on that area as the foreign accommodation. Movement of Silla people to Kazusa-no-kuni had its core purpose on enclosing the Silla`S monk group in Jogakuji. Jogan-era(859~877 AD) was a time period in which the state was paying huge attention on Jogakuji, and the government was also trying to incorporate the private economies of local temples to public arena. It seems like the central authority was aiming to utilize local Jogakuji for public purposes by moving the Silla`s monk group to Kazusa, and to interfuse central power to local temples at the same time through establishing such relationship. A bronze spoon and initial trade ceramics were found in the city of Ichihara, which used to be the center of Kazusa; it is gaining interest since it was supposedly brought by one of the foreign traders from outside. In the both cases, the relics have significant meanings in that they are very rarely found in the Eastern Japan. Additional factors - such as the relics excavated in the Japanese western entrance and in Heian-kyo, and the correlation of the special examples in the eastern regions and their route of influx - should be further explained. The relics found in China or the Korean Peninsula will help to identify the characteristics of such relics. Finally, the study comprises the consideration on the group of roof tile technician placed to Mutsu-no-kuni. The necessity to hand down the technology and skills of Silla people was to restore from the previous year(869 AD)`s damages of earthquake and tsunami. The archaeological dig in the area is proving that the damages in the region from such unprecedented natural disasters were able to be recovered with the influx of foreign technology and experts. A specific type of roof tile(Munehira-gawara) that was excavated in the Yoheenuma kilns site well supports the Sillan experts` support during that time period.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 宮城県多賀城跡調査研究所, "（多賀城市史別巻3）多賀城跡　政庁跡 本文編" 多賀城市多賀城市史編纂委員会 1982

2 仙台市教育委員会, "（仙台市文化財調査報告書第366集）与兵衛沼窯跡―都市計画道路「川内ㆍ南小泉線」関連遺跡　発掘調査報告書―" 仙台市教育委員会 2010

3 大庭康時, "（シリーズ「遺跡を学ぶ」61）中世日本最大の貿易都市　博多遺跡群" 新泉社 2009

4 강봉룡, "한국 해상세력 형성과 변천" 재단법인 해상왕장보고기념사업회 2004

5 권덕영, "재당신라인사회연구" 일조각 2005

6 정순일, "동아시아 속의 한일관계사 (上)" 제이앤씨 2010

7 이시이 마사토시, "다자이후 코로칸과 장보고 시대를 중심으로 한 일본ㆍ신라관계, In 7～10세기 동아시아 문물교류의 諸像(일본편)" 해상왕장보고기념사업회 2008

8 정의도, "韓國古代靑銅匙箸硏究- 高麗時代 -" 석당학술원 (38) : 61-140, 2007

9 정의도, "靑銅숟가락의 登場과 擴散 - 三國時代~統一新羅時代 -" 석당학술원 (42) : 271-380, 2008

10 大江篤, "貞観期の定額寺－その設置と藤原氏との関係をめぐって－" 233 : 1984

11 鄭淳一, "貞観年間における弩師配置と新羅問題" 56 (56): 2011

12 大庭康時, "考古学から見た博多の展開, In 中世都市　博多を掘る" 海鳥社 2008

13 東北歴史博物館, "特別史跡多賀城跡調査50周年記念特別展　多賀城ㆍ大宰府と古代の都" 東北歴史博物館 2010

14 정의도, "武寧王陵 出土 靑銅匙箸硏究" 한국고대학회 (30) : 213-283, 2009

15 力武常次ほか, "日本の自然災害" 国会資料編纂会 1998

16 齋藤孝正, "日本の美術ㆍ第409号　越州窯青磁と緑釉ㆍ灰釉陶器" 至文堂 2000

17 亀井明徳, "日宋貿易陶磁史の研究" 同朋舎出版 1986

18 山内晋次, "日宋貿易と『トウボウ』をめぐる覚書, In 東アジア海域叢書11 寧波と博多" 汲古書院 2013

19 榎本渉, "日宋ㆍ日元貿易, In 中世都市　博多を掘る" 海鳥社 2008

20 鄭淳一, "新羅海賊事件からみた交流と共存―大宰府管内居住の新羅人の動向を手がかりとして" 3 : 2010

21 加藤友康, "房総三国と律令体制の再編, In （県史12）千葉県の歴史" 山川出版社 2000

22 鄭淳一, "寛平新羅海賊考" 164 : 2011

23 宮城県教育委員会, "宮城県多賀城跡調査研究所年報" 宮城県教育委員会 1969

24 平岡定海, "定額寺考" 1 : 1967

25 石村喜英, "定額寺の性質とその始源について" 164 : 1962

26 菱田哲郎, "定額寺の修理と地域社会の変動, In 仁明朝史の研究: 承和転換期とその周辺" 思文閣出版 2011

27 西口順子, "定額寺について, In 平安時代の寺院と民衆" 法蔵館 2004

28 高倉敏明, "多賀城跡の発掘調査成果, In 多賀城跡" 同成社 2008

29 荒井秀規, "国分寺と定額寺－国分寺創建期を中心として－" 吉川弘文館 2013

30 鈴木靖民, "古代日本の渡来人と技術ㆍ技能移転 ―製鉄ㆍ学芸を中心に" 109 (109): 2008

31 中山平次郎, "古代の博多, In 古代乃博多" 九州大学出版会 1984

32 岡藤良敬, "博多湾往来, In （県史40）福岡県の歴史" 山川出版社 1997

33 大庭康時, "博多の都市空間と中国人居留区, In 港町のトポグラフィ" 青木書店 2006

34 千葉県史料研究財団, "千葉県の歴史（資料編ㆍ考古3）奈良ㆍ平安時代" 千葉県 1998

35 千葉県史料研究財団, "千葉県の歴史（資料編ㆍ古代）別冊ㆍ出土文字資料集成" 千葉県 1996

36 千葉県史料研究財団, "千葉県の歴史（資料編ㆍ古代）" 千葉県 1996

37 鄭淳一, "九世紀の来航新羅人と日本列島" 早稲田大学大学院 2013

38 不破英紀, "九世紀の地方における定額寺ㆍ別院の指定について" 98 : 1991

39 須田勉, "上総国分寺」『国分寺の創建（組織ㆍ技術編）" 吉川弘文館 2013