『목장지도』에 나타난 17세기 국마(國馬) 목장의 분포와 변화 = Changes of Government Ranches in 17th Century in Korea -Focusing on Mokjang-jido(Old Map of Ranches)- Changes of Government Ranches in 17th Century in Korea -Focusing on Mokjang-jido(Old Map of Ranches)-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to analyze the distribution and changes of government-installed ranches in 17th century in Korea. Main material for the analysis were old map of ranches collected in National Library of Korea and Library of Pusan National University. This maps were published in 1678. Detailed information of 143 each ranches were recorded with picture maps. Especially postscript to the map shows the history of ranches in Joseon dynasty. Those maps were appointed as National Treasure in 2008.
Horses had taken the great charge in transportation and military purpose in traditional society. With the founding of Joseon dynasty in 1392, establishment and management of government ranches was important mission for the state administration. Ranches were installed in island and capes in coastal regions where pasture were fluent with the favor of location such as shipments and protection of horses. In 17th century, political situation in East Asia was rapidly changed since Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. And another wars against China in early 17th century made Joseon more sensitive to territorial sovereignty against China and Japan.
Analysis of maps shows that numbers of closed ranches were rapidly increased because of the construction of military camp and settlement policy in coastal frontier. Military camp were constructed for the defense along the marine military route. Locational condition of camp were almost accorded with ranches. Ranches should be closed or should supply the expenses of camp. Within ranches, farms cultivated by troops were developed. The mappers argued that many ranches which should be sustained were converted toward military camp because of exaggerated-fictioned danger. This shows that different view about marine defensive policy were considerable between government agencies in 17th century.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to analyze the distribution and changes of government-installed ranches in 17th century in Korea. Main material for the analysis were old map of ranches collected in National Library of Korea and Library of Pusan National University. This maps were published in 1678. Detailed information of 143 each ranches were recorded with picture maps. Especially postscript to the map shows the history of ranches in Joseon dynasty. Those maps were appointed as National Treasure in 2008.
Horses had taken the great charge in transportation and military purpose in traditional society. With the founding of Joseon dynasty in 1392, establishment and management of government ranches was important mission for the state administration. Ranches were installed in island and capes in coastal regions where pasture were fluent with the favor of location such as shipments and protection of horses. In 17th century, political situation in East Asia was rapidly changed since Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. And another wars against China in early 17th century made Joseon more sensitive to territorial sovereignty against China and Japan.
Analysis of maps shows that numbers of closed ranches were rapidly increased because of the construction of military camp and settlement policy in coastal frontier. Military camp were constructed for the defense along the marine military route. Locational condition of camp were almost accorded with ranches. Ranches should be closed or should supply the expenses of camp. Within ranches, farms cultivated by troops were developed. The mappers argued that many ranches which should be sustained were converted toward military camp because of exaggerated-fictioned danger. This shows that different view about marine defensive policy were considerable between government agencies in 17th century.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 남도영, "한국마정사" 경기도 1996

2 남도영, "한국마문화 발전과 현대적 조명" 마문화 심포지움 자료집 2006

3 이원복, "한국 마미술연구의 제문제" 마문화 심포지움 자료집 2006

4 남도영, "조선시대의 지방 마정조직에 대한 소고" 18 : 1964

5 남도영, "조선시대의 마정연구(1)" 1 : 1976

6 송성대, "조선시대 제주도 관영목장의 범위와 경관" 13 (13): 143-161, 2001

7 김정호, "전남의 옛 지도" 향토문화진흥원 1994

8 최영준, "영남대로" 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2004

9 도도로키히로시, "삼남대로답사기" 성지문화사 2002

10 김기혁, "부산고지도" 부산광역시 2008

11 "목장지도 해제" 국립중앙도서관 2008

12 홍경희, "대동여지도에 나타난 역참의 입지" 23 : 1981

13 오인택, "18․19세기 진주부 창선목작 목족의 직역변동과 그 성격" 35 : 1988