Trees in Canada

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface ⅶ
• Acknowledgements = ⅸ
• Reader's Guide = 1
• How to Identify a Tree = 11
• The Conifers = 13
• Families and Genera-The Conifers = 14
• Group 1 Short needles or scales, evergreen；closely spaced in opposite pairs or whorls of 3, often overlapping and obscuring the stem；seeds in cones, some cones berry-like [junipers；cedars／arborvitae／thujas；false cypress／cedars／cypress] = 15
• Group 2 Introduced species hardy in southwestern British Columbia；leaves various shapes；seeds in cones [Sierra redwood；coast redwood；dawn redwood；bald-cypress；Japanese-cedar；umbrella-pine；monkey-puzzle] = 32
• Group 3 Needles evergreen , in bundles of 2, 3, or 5；seeds in cones [pines] = 40
• Group 4 Needles decduous (or evergreen), in tufts of 10 or more on dwarf shoots, also single on long shoots；seeds in cones [larches／tamaracks；cedars] = 66
• Group 5 Needles evergreen, single, flat or 4-sided；seeds in cones [firs；spruces；Douglas-fir；hemlocks] = 80
• Group 6 Needles evergreen, single, flat；twigs and buds green；single seed in a fleshy cup [yews] = 122
• Group 7 Leaves fan-shaped, thin, notched；veins parallel, no midvein；seeds plum-like [ginkgo] = 126
• The Broadleaf Trees = 129
• Families and Genera-The Broadleaf Trees = 130
• Group 8 Leaves in opposite pairs (or subopposite or whorled)；blade simple or compound；edges lobed, toothed, or smooth [maples；horsechestnuts；ashes；Amur corktree；elders；viburnums；dogwoods；common lilac；catalpas；euonymus；button-bush；katsura-tree；silver buffalo-berry] = 131
• Group 9 Leaves alternate, compound (divided into 3 or more leaflets) [walnuts；hickories；Kentucky coffeetree；honey-locust；black locust；Siberian pea-tree；laburnum；yellow-wood；Japanese angelica-tree；common prickly-ash；mountain-ashes；sumacs；poison-sumac；common hoptree；ailanthus] = 195
• Group 10 Leaves alternate, simple；edges lobed [sycamore；London planetree；red mulberry；white mulberry；sweetgum；sassafraas；tulip-tree；oaks] = 235
• Group 11 Leaves alternate, simple；edges toothed [American beech；European beech；American chestnut；Chinese chestnut；witch-hazel；hollies；mountain-holly；Pacific bayberry；buckthorns；lindens／basswoods；birches；alders；blue-beech；ironwood；hazels；willows；poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods；elms；Japanese zelkova；hackberry；dwarf hackberry；serviceberries；apples；cherries and plums；hawthorns] = 267
• Group 12 Leaves alternate, simple；edges smooth；deciduous (or evergreen) [rhododendrons；arbutus；pawpaw；redbud；black-gum；magnolias；seabuckthorn；elaeagnus；common smoke-tree；osage-orange] = 394
• Keys to Groups and Selected Genera = 409
• Winter Keys to the Genera = 451
• Bibliography = 461
• Botanical Authors = 466
• Meanings of Tree Names = 475
• Map of Forest Regions of Canada = 482
• Map of Plant Hardiness Zones in Canada = 483
• Index of English and Latin Names = 485
• Index of French Common Names = 499