처용무의 기원에 대한 새로운 고찰 = A new study on the Origins of Cheoyongmu

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the analysis and original text of the Samgukyusa Volume 2, Gii Chapter 2, records of Cheoyongrang Manghaesa, and the transformation of Hyangak Daemyeon into Cheoyongmu. From the fact that the Goryeo Dynasty place name referring to Ulsan is not found in the Cheoyong folktale described in records of Cheoyongrang Manghaesa, it can be inferred that the basic original text related to the Cheoyong folktale was written in the late Silla Dynasty. Therefore, it can be understood that Cheoyongga and Cheoyongmu were produced in the late Silla period. Meanwhile, in Korean language studies, it is common to understand that the lyrics of Cheoyongga in records of Cheoyongrang Manghaesa were the Hyangchal notation used during the Goryeo Dynasty. In the end, it can be said that Ilyeon quoted the Cheoyong folktale, which is told in some traditional materials written by Goryeo people with some of the letters changed, when writing Samgukyusa. Cheoyongmu, which had the nature of Gunamu(dance to chase away ghosts), was first produced during the reign of King Heongang, and at that time, another dance called Daemyeon, which had the nature of Gunamu, was already being performed. It is presumed that this was formed under the influence of China’s Daemyeon(Nanlingwang) and Somakcha introduced from the the Western Regions. The dance called Nanlingwang, which was introduced to Japan from China, is also called Yongwang(Dragon King), and its mask is characterized by a flying dragon with wings spread. And it is confirmed that the Japanese created a new dance of Molilhwanoak(Music that makes the setting sun rise again between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m.) and its origin folktale by adapting Nanlingwang and old stories related to it. Silla’s Daeyeon was introduced to Japan and established as Goryeoak Nasori. Nasori is a dance in which the dancer wears a mask and holds a drumstick, depicting one or two dragons playing. Just as the Japanese created the Molilhwanilak and its origin story by adapting China’s Daemyeon and old stories related to it, we can fully assume that Silla people also created Cheoyongmu, which has the characteristics of another Gunamu that transformed Daemyeon, and continued to create folktales related to the creation of Cheoyongmu. Moreover, since Cheoyong was the son of the Dragon King, it seems highly likely that the mask worn by the dancer performing Cheoyongmu depicts the appearance of a dragon. The fact that Nanlingwang and Nasori, which were introduced from China and Silla, were closely related to dragons, can also be presented as logical evidence to support the fact that the people of Silla created Cheoyongmu based on the dance called Daemyeon.

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