South Korea's Electoral System from Constitutional Democracy Perspectives

국문 초록 (Abstract)

근래 한국은 국내 인구의 인종구성의 다양화 및 이에 수반되는 문화적 다원화의 초기 현상을 겪고 있으며, 이러한 인구구성의 다양화와 다원화의 추세는 앞으로 더욱 빠른 속도로 진행될 것으로 예측된다. 이러한 현실에서 국가 및 지방자치 공동체의 의사결정의 과정을 포함한 정치과정에 소수자를 포함한 공동체구성원의 대표성이 충분하고 실질적이며 공정하게 확보되도록 하는 것은 한국의 대의제 입헌민주주의가 직면한 가장 근본적이고 중요한 문제중의 하나이다. 특히 정책과 법제를 포함한 공동체 의사의 결정을 담당하는 대의기구에서의 대표성 확보는 정치과정에의 참여와 정치과정에서의 대표성 확보의 첫 단계이며, 공공의 논의와 공동체 의사결정을 위한 안건이 설정되는 단계에의 대표성 확보라는 점에서 상징적으로도 현실적으로도 대의제 정치과정에서 핵심적이다. 이 글에서는 한국의 공직선거법제를 인구구성의 다양화 및 다원화 맥락에서 입헌민주주의의 관점에서 분석한 후, 한국에서 사회적 소수였던 여성의 대의기구에서의 대표성 확보와 신장에 기여해 온 비례대표제를 이러한 관점에서 세밀하게 논의하고, 이러한 예에 비추어 한국 사회의 소수자의 정치과정에의 참여와 대표성 확보를 위한 법제 마련과 정비의 노력에 초석을 마련하고자 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

South Korea is currently facing a new social change of ethnic and cultural diversification due to a rapid increase in the immigrating population. Such a social change is expected to be further expedited due to ongoing globalization. From a constitutional law standpoint, such a change accompanies most fundamental issues for the law of the constitution of fundamental rights protection of minorities in a representative democracy and of the representation and participation of minorities in the political process. This paper primarily looks into in this vein the system of representation and participation in political processes by means of public elections. South Korea has a positive precedent of bringing changes into the institutions and the practices through proactive legislative efforts and decisions of the Constitutional Court, for example, in increasing the representation of women as political, social and cultural minorities in the political process at the national and local levels, through changes in relevant law and system of public elections. This precedent may serve as an exemplary model for the situation of rapid ethnic diversification and anticipated constitutional law issues of representation and inclusion of minorities into the overall constitutional-political process.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Ethnic and Cultural Diversification in South Korean Society and its Ramification to the Representative Democracy
• Ⅲ. Electoral System and the Participation and Representation of Minorities in the Political Process in South Korea
• Ⅳ. Concluding Statements

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