(The) history and theory of rhetoric : an introduction

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xii
• 1 An Overview of Rhetoric = 1
• Re-evaluating Rhetoric = 3
• Rhetoric and Persuasion = 4
• Defining Rhetoric = 6
• Rhetoric and Symbol Systems = 6
• Effective Symbolic Expression = 8
• Rhetorical Discourse = 9
• Rhetoric Is Planned = 9
• Rhetoric Is Adapted to an Audience = 10
• Rhetoric Reveals Human Motives = 11
• Rhetoric Is Responsive = 12
• Rhetoric Seeks Persuasion = 13
• Rhetoric Addresses Contingent Issues = 16
• Social Functions of the Art of Rhetoric = 17
• Rhetoric Tests Ideas = 17
• Rhetoric Assists Advocacy = 18
• Rhetoric Distributes Power = 19
• Rhetoric Discovers Facts = 20
• Rhetoric Shapes Knowledge = 21
• Rhetoric Builds Community = 22
• Conclusion = 23
• Recurrent Themes = 23
• Questions for Review = 25
• Questions for Discussion = 25
• Terms = 30
• 2 The Origins and Early History of Rhetoric = 33
• The Rise of Rhetoric = 34
• Athenian Democratic Reforms = 34
• Education in Athens = 36
• Courts and Assemblies in Athens = 37
• The Sophists = 38
• The Flourishing of Athens = 39
• The Sophists' Reputation = 39
• What the Sophists Taught = 40
• How the Sophists Taught = 41
• Why the Sophists Were Controversial = 42
• Two Influential Sophists = 45
• Gorgias = 45
• Gorgias' Encomium and Rhetorical Devices = 46
• Protagoras = 48
• Isocrates : A Master of Rhetoric = 49
• Isocrates the Teacher = 50
• Isocrates the Political Theorist = 52
• Women Writers of Ancient Greece = 52
• Sayings of the Spartan Women = 53
• Aspasia = 54
• Sappho = 54
• Conclusion = 55
• Questions for Review = 57
• Questions for Discussion = 57
• Terms = 58
• 3 Plato versus the Sophists : Rhetoric on Trial = 63
• Plato's Gorgias : Rhetoric on Trial = 64
• The Debate with Gorgias : Rhetoric's Nature and Uses = 65
• Socrates versus Polus : Rhetoric as Power = 67
• Socrates versus Collides : The Strong Survive = 70
• The Outcome of the Gorgias = 72
• Is Plato Fair to Rhetoric and the Sophists? = 72
• Rhetoric in Plato's Phaedrus : A True Art? = 73
• Components of a Techne of Rhetoric = 75
• Rhetoric as Soulcraft = 76
• Conclusion = 78
• Questions for Review = 79
• Questions for Discussion = 79
• Terms = 80
• 4 Aristotle on Rhetoric = 83
• Defining Rhetoric = 84
• Rhetoric and Dialectic = 84
• Dialectic and Rhetoric : Similarities and Differences = 85
• Similarities = 85
• Differences = 85
• Rhetoric as a Techne of Discovery = 86
• The Enthymeme = 88
• An Argument Constructed with the Audience = 88
• A Democratic Argument = 89
• Three Rhetorical Settings = 90
• Deliberative Oratory = 90
• Epideictic Oratory = 91
• Forensic Oratory = 92
• The Artistic Proofs = 93
• Logos : The Logic of Sound Arguments = 93
• Pathos : The Psychology of Emotion = 93
• Ethos : The Sociology of Good Character = 95
• Topoi : Lines of Argument = 96
• Special Topics = 96
• Common Topics = 96
• Some Common Fallacies = 97
• Aristotle on Style = 98
• Metaphors and Other Devices = 98
• Conclusion = 99
• Questions for Review = 99
• Questions for Discussion = 100
• Terms = 100
• 5 Rhetoric at Rome = 104
• Roman Society and the Place of Rhetoric = 105
• Rhetoric and Political Power = 105
• Rhetoric and Roman Education = 108
• The Rhetorical Theory of Cicero = 109
• De Inventione = 109
• Studying Invention and Memory = 111
• Cicero's De Oratore = 114
• The End of Cicero's Life = 118
• Quintilian = 118
• The Toga = 119
• Rhetoric and the Good Citizen = 120
• Educating the Citizen-Orator = 120
• Longinus : On the Sublime = 122
• The Emotive Power of Language = 122
• Rhetoric in the Later Roman Empire = 126
• The Second Sophistic = 126
• Conclusion = 128
• Questions for Review = 128
• Questions for Discussion = 129
• Terms = 129
• 6 Rhetoric in Christian Europe = 134
• Rhetoric, Tension, and Fragmentation = 134
• Rhetoric in the Early Middle Ages = 136
• St. Augustine = 136
• Augustine's Rhetorical Theory = 137
• De Doctrina Christiana = 138
• Augustine and Rhetorical Education = 139
• Martianus Capella = 140
• Boethius = 141
• Rhetoric and Medieval Education = 142
• Disputatio and Sentenniae = 142
• Women and Education = 142
• Rhetorical Continuity = 143
• Rhetorical Arts in the High Middle Ages = 144
• The Art of Preaching = 144
• The Art of Letter Writing = 146
• Letter-Writing Skill = 148
• Women and Letter Writing = 150
• The Art of Poetry = 152
• Marie de France = 155
• Conclusion = 156
• Questions for Review = 157
• Questions for Discussion = 157
• Terms = 158
• 7 Rhetoric in the Renaissance = 163
• Italian Humanism = 165
• Marks of the Umanista = 165
• Notaries = 166
• Petrarch = 168
• Christine de Pisan = 169
• Pico dello Mirandola = 171
• Lorenzo Valla = 172
• Juan Luis Vives = 174
• Rhetoric and Renaissance Education = 175
• Rhetoric and Renaissance Art = 177
• The Turn Toward Dialectic = 178
• Agricola = 178
• Peter Ramus = 179
• Renaissance Rhetoric in Britain = 180
• Teaching Rhetoric = 180
• Magic, Science, and Style = 181
• The Late Renaissance and Conversational Rhetoric = 182
• Madame Madeleine de Scudery = 182
• Conclusion = 183
• Questions for Review = 183
• Questions for Discussion = 184
• Terms = 184
• 8 Enlightenment Rhetoric = 189
• Rhetoric's Changing Roles = 190
• Margaret Cavendish = 190
• Writing Career = 191
• Vico and the Rhetoric of Human Thought = 191
• Vico versus Descartes = 192
• Rhetoric and Imagination = 192
• Rhetoric and the Evolution of Human Thought = 194
• Vico on Myth : The Civilization-Shaping Force of Narrative = 194
• Influence = 195
• British Rhetoric in the Eighteenth Century = 195
• Rhetoric in British Education = 196
• The Elocutionary Movement = 197
• The Scottish School = 198
• The Belletristic Movement = 199
• George Campbell = 202
• Richard Whately Revives Classical Rhetoric = 205
• Maria Edgeworth = 207
• Conclusion = 208
• Questions for Review = 209
• Questions for Discussion = 209
• Terms = 210
• 9 Contemporary Rhetoric Ⅰ : Arguments, Audiences, and Advocates = 215
• Argumentation and Rational Discourse = 216
• Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca : A New Rhetoric = 216
• The Centrality of Audience = 217
• Jurgen Habermas on a Rational Society = 220
• The Rhetoric of Science = 223
• Precursors = 224
• A Rhetorical Approach to Science = 226
• The Power of Unexamined Science = 226
• Advocacy in the Sciences = 227
• Science and Communities = 227
• Deirdre McCloskey and the Rhetoric of Economics = 228
• Rhetoric in Anthropology = 228
• John Campbell on the Rhetoric of Charles Darwin = 229
• Conclusion = 232
• Questions for Review = 233
• Questions for Discussion = 233
• Terms = 234
• 10 Contemporary Rhetoric Ⅱ : Situation, Story, Display = 239
• Rhetoric in Context = 239
• Kenneth Burke and Rhetoric as Symbolic Action = 240
• Lloyd Bitzer and Rhetoric as Situational = 247
• Rhetoric and Narration = 249
• Changes = 249
• Mikhail Bakhtin and the Polyphonic Novel = 250
• Wayne Booth and the Rhetoric of Fiction = 252
• Authors as Advocates = 252
• Reflecting on Narrative = 253
• Walter Fisher on the Rhetoric of Narration = 253
• Ernest Bormann on Stories and Communities = 255
• The Rhetoric of Display = 256
• Digital Rhetorics = 257
• The Architecture of the Online Experience = 257
• Andrea Lundford's New Literacy = 258
• Conclusion = 259
• Questions for Review = 259
• Questions for Discussion = 260
• Terms = 260
• 11 Contemporary Rhetoric Ⅲ : Texts, Power, Alternatives = 265
• Postmodern Rhetoric = 266
• Questioning the "Taken for Granted" = 266
• Jean-Francois Lyotard and Postmodernism = 267
• Michel Foucault = 268
• Queer Theory = 271
• Co Jacques Derrida = 272
• Feminism and Rhetoric : Critique and Reform = 275
• The Loss of a Woman's Voice = 276
• Reconceptualizing Rhetoric = 277
• Constructing Gender Rhetorically = 278
• Rhetoric as Conquest = 278
• Rhetoric as Invitation = 280
• "Works," "Texts," and the Work of Reading = 280
• Feminism and the Ancient Tradition = 281
• Comparative Rhetoric = 282
• African Rhetorical Forms = 282
• George Kennedy on Non-European Rhetorics = 283
• Aztec and Egyptian Rhetorics = 283
• Rhetoric in Ancient China = 284
• "Private Speaking" = 284
• Chinese Sophists and the Intrigues of the Warring States = 285
• Jian, Shui, Pien, and the Traveling Persuaders = 286
• Averroes and the Aristotelian Tradition : Arabic Rhetoric in the Twelfth Century = 286
• Re-visioning the Greek Tradition = 288
• Conclusion = 288
• Questions for Review = 289
• Questions for Discussion = 290
• Terms = 291
• Glossary = 297
• Bibliography = 307
• Index = 321