중학생의 공감, 사회적 자기효능감, 지각된 규준과 또래괴롭힘 방어행동과의 관계 = The Roles of Empathy, Social Self-efficacy, and Perceived Norms on Defending Behaviors to Bullying among Middle School Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study was to examine the moderating effect of social self-efficacy in the relations between cognitive, affective empathy and defending behaviors. Another goal was to examine the moderating effects of different types of perceived norms (classmates, close friends) and parental expectation in the relations between intrapersonal variables (empathy, social self-efficacy) and defending behaviors. The sample consisted of 336 middle school students in South Korea. The results indicated that when girls did not have sufficient social self-efficacy, their cognitive empathy lowered the level of defending behaviors. In addition, when boys did not perceive classroom norms for defending, their social self-efficacy did not lead to defending behaviors. Among girls, when their perception of close friends’ norms for defending was limited, their cognitive empathy also reduced defending behaviors. Finally, when boys believed their parents valued helping victims and expected them to do so, their affective empathy increased defending behaviors. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for developing more effective bystander intervention strategies.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 인지적, 정서적 공감과 또래괴롭힘 방어행동 간의 관계에서 사회적 자기효능감의 조절효과를 살펴보고, 공감, 사회적 자기효능감 등 개인내적 변인과 방어행동 간의 관계에서 지각된 규준, 즉, 학급 및 친한 친구규준, 부모기대의 조절효과를 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중학교 1, 2학년 336명의 설문자료를 분석한 결과, 여학생의 사회적 자기효능감이 낮은 경우 인지적 공감이 증가할수록 방어행동은 감소함을 발견하였다. 지각된 규준과 관련하여, 남학생들은 또래괴롭힘 피해자를 돕는 것이 학급의 규준이라고 더 많이 지각할 경우 사회적 자기효능감이 방어행동의 증가를 예측하였다. 한편, 친한 친구들이 내가 피해자를 도와주기를 기대한다고 더 적게 지각할 경우, 여학생의 인지적 공감능력이 우수한 것은 오히려 방어행동을 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 부모가 또래괴롭힘 상황에서 방어행동을 지지한다고 믿는 것은 그 자체로는 남녀 모두에서 방어행동을 예측하지 못하였으나, 남학생의 경우 부모가 내가 피해자를 도와주기를 기대한다고 더 많이 지각할 경우에만 정서적 공감이 방어행동의 증가를 예측하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과들의 시사점을 논의하고, 보다 효과적인 또래괴롭힘 예방 및 개입 전략들을 제안하였다.

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